1. Resumão Curso - Escrita de artigo Material do Clóvis

2. Segunda Página em diante Elementos de um Artigo

3. Processo de Escrita

4. Estimated Length for each Section Abstract– 4 sentences – 150 words Section 1: Introduction – 1p (p= A4 page) Section 2: Research Problem – 1p Section 3: Solution – 2/5p Section 4: Results – 2/5p Section 5: Discussion – 1/2p Section 6: Conclusion – 0.5p

5. 1 - Título

6. Título: Formato [primeira parte][: Segunda parte] Obrigatória Opcional

7. How long should a title be? Two answers: – The length should be just right – +- 10 to 12 words Occam’s Razor! Be concise

8. Cut the clutter “a study of” “investigation of” “development of” “observations on” “validation” “new” “improved” “novel” “validated” “state of the art”

9. 1.Answer the questions: – What is my paper about? – What techniques/ designs were used? – Who/what is studied? – What were the results? Step 1

10. My paper studies whether X therapy improves the cognitive function of patients suffering from dementia It was a randomized trial I studied 40 cases from six cities in Japan There was an improvement in the cognitive function of patients Step 1

11. 2.Use your answers (and indexing services or ontologies) and list key words Step 2 X therapy Randomized trial Dementia 6 Japanese cities 40 cases Improved cognitive function

12. 3.Build a sentence with these key words This study is a randomized trial that investigates whether X therapy improved cognitive function in 40 dementia patients from 6 cities in Japan; it reports improved cognitive function. (28 words) Step 3

13. 4.Delete all waste words (e.g., study of, investigates) and repetitive words; link the remaining. Step 4: Cut the clutter Randomized trial of X therapy for improving cognitive function in 40 dementia patients from 6 cities in Japan (18 words)

14. Delete non-essential information and reword Randomized trial of X therapy for improving cognitive function in 40 dementia patients from 6 cities in Japan OR (reworded with subtitle and a focus on the results) “X therapy improves cognitive function in 40 dementia patients: A randomized trial”(12 words) Step 5

15. 2 - Abstract

16. Tip: Four Sentences Scheme 1.Write the problem 2.Explain why the problem is a problem 3.Write a catchy and startling phrase, which captures the essence of your solution/contribution 4.As a result of the previous sentence, write the main conclusion, implication, and recommendation

17. 1[The rejection rate for OOPSLA papers in near 90%.] 2[Most papers are rejected not because of a lack of good ideas, but because they are poorly structured.] 3[Following four simple steps in writing a paper will dramatically increase your chances of acceptance.] 4[If everyone followed these steps, the amount of communication in the object community would increase, improving the rate of progress.] Example: Four Sentences Scheme

18. Alternative Methods for Writing Abstracts Write the world before your work: context and objective Write your main results/contributions Write the world after your work: conclusions and implications Informative: 5 Sentences Context/Background (where they come from) Objective/purpose or rationale of study (why they did it) Methodology/methods (how they did it) Results/findings (what they found) Conclusions/recommendations (what it means)

19. Another Model

20. 3 - Introdução

21. Introduction Structure Five Questions Scheme (or Three to Five Paragraphs) 1.What’s known? 2.What’s unknown? 3.What is your burning question/hypothesis/aim/problem to solve? 4.What is your experimental approach or research methodology? 5.How to link the Introduction to the text body?

22. 1. What’s known?  Introduce the research topic or issue  Define the terminology, if need be  Relate the topic to the existing research (literature)  Why is the topic important?  What did we know about it before I did this study?  What has so far been done on the topic?

23. 2. What’s unknown? Limitations and gaps in previous studies Represented by phrases beginning with “But”, “However” etc. Use an example, if convenient, for exposing limitations and gaps Take the reader step by step from what is known to what is unknown. End with your specific question Known --> Unknown --> Question 3. What is your burning question/hypothesis/aim/problem to solve?

24. Explicitly and clearly state your research question/aim/hypothesis: – “We asked whether …” – “Our hypothesis was …” – “We tested the hypothesis that …” – “Our aim/s was/were …” – “We face this challenge by focusing our analysis on …” –... Do not answer the research question (no results or implications) --> Controversial: you can mention very briefly the conclusion of the paper!

25. 4. What is your experimental approach or research methodology?  Explain the theoretical framework the study is based on  Why is your experimental approach or research methodology new and different and important (fills in the gaps)?  What is the contribution of the paper on the problem?  Is the contribution original? Explain why  Is the contribution non-trivial? Explain why

26. 5. How to link the Introduction to the text body? Ends with a short summary of the rest of the paper: "The remainder of the paper is structured as follows. In Section 2, we …“ http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/etc/intro-style.html Outline of the rest of the paper: "The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we introduce..Section 3 describes... Finally, we describe future work in Section 5." [Note that Section is capitalized. Also, vary your expression between "section" being the subject of the sentence, as in "Section 2 discusses..." and "In Section, we discuss...".]

27. Verb Tenses 1.What’s known? 2.What’s unknown? 3.What is your burning question/hypothesis/aim/problem to solve? 4.What is your experimental approach or research methodology? 5.How to link the Introduction to the text body? Present Past Present Past, but why is important: present

28. 4 - Corpo

29. 1.Describe the problem/question to be solved: Why is it a problem/question? Why is it important to solve it? Background/research context 2.Describe your solution You are convincing the PC member that your solution really could solve the problem/question This section is sometimes supplemented with a section describing implementation details 3.Evaluation and Results Experiments/Case Studies: Plan Experiments/Case Studies: Results 4.Related Work and Discussion Four Sections Scheme

30.  Results  What answer was found to the research question?  What did the study find?  Was the tested hypothesis true?  And Discussion  What might the answer imply and why does it matter?  How does it fit in with what other researchers have found?  What are the perspectives for future research? Results and discussion

31.  Describe what other people have done in the area and compare with your work/results  Convince others that what you have done is novel and relevant Structure: 1.Results Interpretation 2.Comparison with related works 3.Qualitative evaluation Estilo: Results/past-present; Discussion/present 3rd Person, preferably: related work 1st person, plural: the rest Use active voice whenever possible Subsections may improve organization and comprehension Related Work and Discussion:

32. 5 - Conclusão

33. 1.Recall the research problem/question stated in the Introduction  Repeat it here, but more fully.  Do not repeat it word-by-word.  Say if it was entirely solved or not 2.State main findings  Emphasize your main results 3.Interpretation of the main findings  Take a few sentences to restate the interpretation of the key results Conclusion Structure Six Paragraph Scheme

34. 4.Implications to the research field: conclusions  Describe the implications of your achievements/findings to the field 5.Limitations of your research (optional)  Describe the main limitations or threats of your research as to research methodology, experiments, and even the findings 6.Future research directions (optional)  Be careful: do not present much future work, because it may suggest that your paper is not complete Conclusion Structure Six Paragraph Scheme

35. You shouldn’t refer to any new subject not previously included in the paper body A Conclusion must be quite understandable to somebody who didn’t read the paper body Style:  Past and Present tense  Third Person, preferably  1st Person, plural form, work done!