1. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Fostering RTD in the maritime periphery Dr. Eng.Gonzalo MOLINA IGARTUA Head of Unit Management of Energy RTD programmes CPMR WORKING GROUP SEMINAR ENERGY FOR THE PERIPHERY PAMPLONA 5-6 OCTOBER 2006

2. 2 R&D – European weaknesses EU- 25 USJapan R&D intensity (% of GDP) (3) 1.972.593.12 Share of R&D financed by industry (%) (2) 55.963.173.9 Researchers per thousand labour force (FTE) (3) 5.59.09.7 Share of world scientific publications (%) (3) 38.331.19.6 Scientific publications per million population (3) 639809569 Share of world triadic patents (%) (1) 31.534.326.9 Patents per million population (1) 30.553.192.6 High-tech exports as a share of total manufacturing exports (%) (3) 19.728.526.5 Share of world high-tech exports (%) (2) 16.720.010.6 Note: (1) 2000 data (2) 2002 data (3) 2003 data

3. 3 What’s new in FP7? Main new elements compared to FP6: Annual budget increased: - for non nuclear energy: total 2264 M€ = 320 M€/year Simplification of procedures Logistical and administrative tasks transferred to external structures

4. 4 Specific Programmes Cooperation – Collaborative research People – Human Potential JRC (nuclear) Ideas – Frontier Research Capacities – Research Capacity JRC (non-nuclear) Euratom + FP7 2007 -2013

5. 5 9 Thematic Priorities 1.Health 2.Food, agriculture and biotechnology 3.Information and communication technologies 4.Nanosciences, nanotechnologies, materials and new production technologies 5.Energy 6.Environment (including climate change) 7.Transport (including aeronautics and maritime) 8.Socio-economic sciences and the humanities 9.Security and space + Euratom: Fusion energy research, nuclear fission and radiation protection Cooperation – Collaborative research

6. 6 Collaborative research (Collaborative projects; Networks of Excellence; Coordination/support actions) Collaborative research (Collaborative projects; Networks of Excellence; Coordination/support actions) Joint Technology Initiatives Coordination of non-Community research programmes (ERA-NET; ERA-NET+; Article 169) Coordination of non-Community research programmes (ERA-NET; ERA-NET+; Article 169) International Cooperation Cooperation – Collaborative research Under each theme there will be sufficient flexibility to addressboth Emerging needs and Unforeseen policy needs Dissemination of knowledge and transfer of results will be supported in all thematic areas Support will be implemented across all themes through:

7. Joint Technology Initiatives Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Hydrogen and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Energy Future Towards new Nanoelectronics Approaches Embedded systems Aeronautics and Air Transport Innovative Medicines for the Citizens of Europe Other possible themes to be identified later… More on Technology platforms and JTI

8. 8 5. Energy OBJECTIVE Transforming the current fossil-fuel based energy system into a more sustainable one based on a diverse portfolio of energy sources and carriers combined with enhanced energy efficiency, to address the pressing challenges of security of supply and climate change, whilst increasing the competitiveness of Europe’s energy industries. OBJECTIVE Transforming the current fossil-fuel based energy system into a more sustainable one based on a diverse portfolio of energy sources and carriers combined with enhanced energy efficiency, to address the pressing challenges of security of supply and climate change, whilst increasing the competitiveness of Europe’s energy industries.

9. 9 5. Energy Hydrogen and fuel cells Renewable electricity generation Renewable fuel production CO2 capture and storage techn. for zero emission generation Smart energy networks Energy efficiency and savings Knowledge for energy policy making Renewables for heating and cooling Clean coal technologies More on Energy

10. 10 CIP and the renewed Lisbon A more attractive place to invest and work Knowledge and innovation are the beating heart of European growth Allowing our businesses to create more and better jobs

11. 11 Complementarities between FP7 and CIP FP7-RTDCIP Funding of projects Research, technological development and demonstration Take-up of proven technologies: environmental, ICT and Energy-efficiency SMEs participation in Research Simplification Definition of thematic content Specific schemes for SMEs Actions promoting SMEs participation in FP7 Access to finance « Risk Sharing Finance Facility » for large European RTD projects and infrastructures (with EIB) Risk capital (start-up and expansion) SMEs Guarantee facility SMEs loan securitisation Dissemination of knowledge Within projects In thematic areas Networks providing innovation support services Regions Research driven clustersInnovation clusters

12. 12 Intelligent Energy Projects in the CIP Promotion and Dissemination, incl. awareness raising, education/training, networking, energy agencies, strategic studies for preparation/review of legislation, monitor implementation of regulatory framework Market Replication of just-proven technologies of European interest, bridging the gap between the demonstration and the mass deployment of innovative technologies management assisted by Intelligent Energy Executive Agency

13. n° 13 General Directorate for Energy and Transport The relation between community instruments Research Policy: Development of new technologies Research Policy: Development of new technologies Energy Policy: To solve problems and needs of society Energy Policy: To solve problems and needs of society Research and Development DemonstrationDemonstration Long term Short term DG RTD DG TREN Medium term IEE LEGISLATION COST OF RES ECOBUILDINGS CONCERTO CIVITAS ALTERNATIVE FUELS POLYGENERATION Dissemination Market

14. n° 14 Directorate-General for Energy and Transport INNOVATION IN CIVITAS/ECO- BUILDINGS/CONCERTO “ Innovative integration of known and advanced and/or improved technologies in order to help to solve the problems and needs of society in relation with energy”

15. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport SOLAR ENERGY

16. Directorate General for Energy and Transport FP5 (1998-2002) Results PHOTOVOLTAICS: 100 projects launched in Europe –40 projects in the S/M term Total cost €150 M EC contribution €45 M –60 projects in the M/L term Total cost €135 M EC contribution €65 M SOLAR THERMAL POWER –3 Major multi-MW demonstration S/M projects Total cost ~ €300 M EC contribution of €15 M –A number of projects in the M/L term domain EC contribution of €10 M

17. Directorate General for Energy and Transport FP6 (2002-2006) Results PHOTOVOLTAICS ( S/M + M/L) –28 new projects launched EC contribution €99,5 M

18. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Photovoltaic Technology Platform The PV Technology Platform is operational 4 Working groups and Steering committee in place Interested parties in the PV sector to work together on a longer term basis Expected Impact of Platform –Raise overall RTD investment & promoting public/private partnership –Address obstacles for deployment and accelerate market penetration –Achieve coherent and consistent policy and regulatory framework in the EU

19. Directorate General for Energy and Transport Photovoltaic module price decrease: history

20. Information - CommunicationDirectorate general for Energy and Transport WIND ENERGY

21. Information - CommunicationDirectorate general for Energy and Transport Wind Energy in Europe Global wind power capacity has grown to over 50,000MW by mid-2005. Europe represents 73% of total installed capacity. In 2004, European companies had a market share of 80% of the € 8 billion market for wind turbines.

22. Europe as Wind Energy world leader Europe has : 80% global manufacturing share 70% annual and cumulative market Annual market value of ~ € 7bn 72% capacity in 2 countries 75,000 jobs Generates 2.8% EU electricity By 2010 wind is predicted to; Annual electricity generation of 167 TWh, equivalent to 5.5% of European electricity demand, (=34m people) 28% of all new installed generation capacity 10.6% of overall generation capacity Deliver 50% of the Renewable Directive target Meet >30% of the EU Kyoto Protocol commitment Cumulative CO2 savings of 523m :Avoid €13 billion imported fuel costs, Avoid €10-25 billion external costs Data for 2001-2010 Source: EWEA WIND POWER INSTALLED IN EUROPE BY END OF 2005 (CUMULATIVE) EU – 40,504 MW ACCESSION COUNTRIES – 28 MW EFTA COUNTRIES – 279 MW Rep. Of Ireland 495.5 UK 1,353 Netherlands 1,219 Spain 10,027 Belgium 167 France 757 Germany 18,428 Denmark 3,122 Norway 267 Sweden 500 Finland 82 Italy 1,717 Switzerlan d 11.6 Austria 819 Poland 73 Latvia 26 Romania 1.4 Turkey 20 Greece 573 Luxembourg 35 Portugal 1,022 Czech Republic 26 Estonia 30 Hungary 17 Lithuania 7 Slovakia 5 Croatia 6 Bulgaria 1 Note: Due to previous-year adjustments, project decomissioning of 50 MW, and rounding, the 2005 end-of-year cumulative capacity total does not exactly match the year-end 2004 total plus the 2005 additions. Cyprus 0 Ukraine 82 Iceland 0 Faroe Islands 4 Malta 0 Slovenia 0

23. European Onshore / Offshore Wind Energy today End 2005, offshore wind was 1,68% of total installed wind power capacity, but generated 3,11% of electricity from wind energy End 2005, Denmark (398 MW), U.K. (214 MW), Ireland (25 MW), Sweden (23,3 MW) and the Netherlands (18 MW) had operating offshore wind farms. 200420052010 (forecast) Installed capacity (MW)% % % Onshore33.78198,2839.82498,3265.00086,67 Offshore5901,726800,0210.00013,33 Total34.37110040.50410075.000100

24. There remain big unexploited wind resources onshore but the offshore potential is greater still Latest projections from the European Commission suggest that wind power in Europe could reach a total of 70.000 MW by 2010 incl. 14.000 MW offshore Looking further ahead, the European Wind Energy Association has adopted a target for a total of 180.000 MW to be reached in 2020, of which 70.000 MW would be located offshore The development of the offshore wind energy production is an opportunity for industry, it increases diversity and security of electricity supply, and it will help reach the Commission targets for renewables and for reduction of greenhouse gases emissions. Offshore Wind Energy

25. FP6 “DOWNVInD” Project : the flagship project for offshore wind energy development in Europe New world records have been broken as the machines are the first wind turbines in international waters, the furthest from shore (25 km), the biggest (5 MW) and in the deepest water (42 m)

26. Information - CommunicationDirectorate general for Energy and Transport CHALLENGES IN WIND ENERGY Growing markets: Larger machines for optimal exploitation of the wind potential. High penetration levels of wind require short-term production forecasts Emerging markets: Off-shore Large machines with highest reliability to reduce infrastructure and maintenance costs. Cost effective foundations and grid- connection. New Member States: Setting-up of an industry and a support infrastructure, creating confidence, develop framework conditions

27. Directorate General for Energy and Transport BIOMASS

28. Directorate General for Energy and Transport Power + 35 Mtoe/a by 2010 Heat/ Cooling +27 Mtoe/a by 2010 Trans- port +18 Mtoe/a by 2010 Strategic research agenda FP7 Functioning solid biofuels European market including international trade Current use and future potential, land availability, food & other industrial needs Socio-economic issues and proper approach to the EU citizen BIOMASS ACTION PLAN MAIN COMPONENTS Total: + 80 Mtoe by 2010

29. Directorate General for Energy and Transport Biomass Action Plan outputs COM 2005 – 628 Final In total more than 30 specific measures proposed to stimulate the Bioenergy market and distributed under five areas ( Details in Annex 1) : - Biomass Heating - Biomass for Electricity generation - Transport Biofuels - Cross cutting issues - Research

30. Directorate General for Energy and Transport Biomass Action Plan outputs COM 2005 – 628 Final Cross cutting issues (some main issues) - Encourage MSs to develop BAPs - Prepare Forest Action Plan (E use), - Develop spot market for pellets/ chips - Review waste/ by-products legislation for use of clean fuels (SRF, animal by-products) Research: FP7( bio-refinery,second generation biofuels, technology platforms, optimisation raw materials/ conversion processes)

31. Directorate General for Energy and Transport Fragmented ownership and bad cooperation (65 % private ownership) Limited market for small sized wood Competition from existing uses of wood Lack of steady policy & stable market conditions Conservative forest management EU Forest - Wood resources Barriers to overcome

32. Directorate General for Energy and Transport Conceptual-Technological breakthrough in BM Biological processes: digestion (aerobic/ anaerobic): mature Thermochemical processes -Combustion/ co-combustion: mature -Gasification : high expectation (synthetic Biofuels), still to solve (ash melting, fouling/ Cleaning gases (tars)) -Flash Pyrolysis : bio-oil ( technical as gasif.) Source: EUROSTAT

33. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Renewable fuel production in FP7 POTENTIAL FIELDS OF ACTIVITY ??? Innovative improvements in the production of first-generation of biofuels: –From sugar rich crops and from starch –From oil crops, animal tallow and used cooking oil –From high moisture biomass Production of second generation of liquid biofuels for transport: –Ethanol from lignocellulosics –Synthetic biofuels via gasification –Hydrogenation of oils –Pyrolisis followed by hydrogenation Biorefineries Use in fleets of biofuels Socioeconomic research

34. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

35. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Promotion of associated technological breakthrough in geothermal energy The following areas are the focus of R&D in the European Union:  hot Dry Rock Heat & Power Production and Demonstration  improving ground heat exchangers / ground source heat pumps techn.  100% remote controlled geothermal systems  power generation from low enthalpy resources  geothermal absorption cooling applications  exploration of geothermal resources (integrated geology, geochemistry, geophysics, drilling, reservoir rock & fluid properties, heat flow & stored heat estimation)  new power cycles and power plants optimisation

36. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 36

37. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 37 Types of ocean energy (by stage of development) Tidal Energy Thermal Energy Marine Currents Wave Energy Salinity Gradient Bottom fixed Floating Open cycle Closed cycle Shoreline Near shore Bottom fixed Floating Bottom fixed Floating Land based Floating Shoreline Near shore

38. 38 Dynamic, fast developing sector  Actual projected production cost bellow 0.10 €/kWh  Average electricity production cost in EU 0.04€/kWh  Target Cost by 2015-2020 0.05 €/kWh Ocean Energy Costs

39. 39 Wave Energy Economically exploitable potential in Europe Figures in kW per meter width of incoming wave Resource for: NE Atlantic 290 GW Mediterranean sea 30 GW

40. 40 Tidal Energy Economically exploitable potential in Europe Annual average tidal range in meters Resource for Europe: 12GW Mainly: Arround the British Islands & Ireland Between Channel Islands and France In the straits of Messina In various Greek Islands

41. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport ECOBUILDINGS

42. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport The associated conceptual and/or technological breakthroughs promoted The unit of action is the Building: Innovative planning and architecture Low energy construction and retrofitting material Symbiotic integration of renewable energy technologies and efficient measures Innovative building management combined with monitoring

43. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Directorate General for Energy and Transport POLYGENERATION

44. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Directorate General for Energy and Transport Main technology areas: Combined Heat & Power + Cooling or Products Main Applications: Polygeneration with biomass Polygeneration with fuel cells Main application area: CHCP Future concept: Bio-refineries Conceptual and Technological Breakthrough Technical Innovation Domestic Fuel Cell Tree harvesting

45. 45 supports concrete initiatives of local communities working towards a completely integrated energy policy, harmonizing a substantial use of RES with efficient innovative technologies and systems to minimize energy consumption and to improve the quality of citizens’ lives. WHAT IS

46. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport n° 46 Directorate General for Energy and Transport CONCERTO PV plant Wind power plant House with Solar thermal and PV Storage Local CHP plant Neighbourhood CHP Individual house Office buildings ESCO Natural Gas Electricity Small industry SMEs Big industry Green electricity Green electricity Storage