1. Anatomy Chapter 5 – Skeletal System Part III

2. Appendicular Skeleton – 126 bones of limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles. Bones of shoulder (pectoral) girdle are light, exceptionally flexible, easily dislocated. Clavicle or collarbone

3. Scapula or shoulder blades

4. Bones of upper arm and forearm Forearm Right Humerus Thirty separate bones compose the arm and forearm.

5. Bones of the hand Carpals (8) Metacarpals (1-5) Phalanges (14)

6. The Pelvis

7. Right Coxal Bone Comparison of Male and Female Pelvis

8. Bones of the Right Thigh and Leg

9. Bones of Right Foot The foot is composed of tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. Supports our body weight and serves as a lever that allows us to propel our bodies forward when we walk or run. Tarsals (7) Metatarsals (5) Phalanges (14)

10. Joints of the Body Functional classification: Synarthroses - immovable joints (sutures in the skull) Amphiarthroses - slightly moveable joints (carpals) Diarthroses - freely moveable joints (limbs) Structural Classification : Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

11. General Structure of a Synovial Joint

12. Types of Synovial Joints Plane joint – wrist Hinge joint – elbow Pivot joint – elbow Condyloid joint – knuckle Saddle joint – thumb Ball-and-socket joint – shoulder and hip

13. Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints Homeostatic Imbalances: Bursitis - “water on the knee”, inflammation of bursae or synovial membrane. Arthritis – inflammation or degenerative disease that damage the joints. Osteoarthritis - most common form of arthritis. “Wear-and- tear arthritis”. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) – onset 40 -50, more likely in women than men; autoimmune. Gouty arthritis (gout) – uric acid crystals in the joints; more common in males; genetic.

14. Fetal Skeleton Fontanels remain at birth to allow the brain to grow. All areas are fully ossified by 2 yrs of age. Adolescence ends when epiphyseal plates become fully ossified. Females at 18yrs and males at 21yrs. Ossification centers in the skeleton of a 12 week fetus.