1. The Relationship between Low-rise Denim Jeans and Consumers’ Aspirations: The Study of Symbolic Value and Emotional Attribution

3. Balanciaga Spring 2002 Collection (high-rise jeans)

4. Mac by Mac Jacob Spring 2005 Collection

5. Reasons why denim jeans were deliberately selected for this study 1. Ubiquitous & Homogenous 2. The Canadian denim jeans market has been growing. 3. The denim jeans culture has been transformed and re-signified.

6. Fashion Consumption 1. beyond physical needs As Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi explained, “Objects take on symbolic value with reference to one’s personal history”. 2. multitude of meanings (McCracken, 1989) 3. social status (Bourdieu, 1984) 4. hedonism (Weber, 1958) 5. expression of self (Campbell, 1983)

7. Consumer Market Fragmented society (Firat & Shultz, 1997) Hypersegmented society (Crane, 2000) Image tribes (Turow, 1997) As asserted by Firat, “The market is, itself, fragmented, since it appears to have no central, unified agenda.”

8. Table 1: Survey of Consumers’ Diffusion of Innovation

9. Table 3: Relative importance of denim jeans attributes

10. Table 2: Average dollar spent on a pair of denim jeans

11. Table 4: Respondent’s preferences of denim jeans

12. PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES AND SYMBOLIC VALUES 1.Fit and Brand Name: Consumers loyal to certain brands because they fit their body type and made them look good and feel good. 2. Fit and Style: About 70% preferred low-rise, slim fit and stretch. 3.Fit and Fabric: 67.7% preferred stretch denim. the stretch denim made them look sexier and thinner they felt more comfortable with stretch denim instead of non-stretch it hugged their body well 4. Fit and comfort 5. Fit and Price: young people have no problem to pay a premium price for a pair of denim jeans that fits their body type and their aspirations.

18. Miss Sixty Retail Price: US$ 139

19. Chip & Pepper Retail Price: US$ 198

20. True Religion Retail Price: US$ 359 True Religion Retail Price: US$ 372

21. They are flattering and hot. Fit great; look hot. They look cool. I love them. I love the fit. My bum looks good. My buttock looks swell and nice. The jeans look and feel amazing. They make me feel good in them. I feel sexier. They make me sexier and thinner.

23. CONSUMERS THINK EMOTIONALLY AND IRRATIONALLY 5 stages in purchasing: 1. need recognition  2. information search  3. evaluation of alternatives  4. purchase decision  5. post purchase behavior “Neurological research has revealed that people don’t think in linear and hierarchical ways” (Thomas, 1997).

24. THANK YOU