1. Texas and Reconstruction, Pt. 2 Essential Question: Essential Question:  Identify significant individuals and events concerning Texas and Reconstruction Main Idea: Main Idea:  In the final years of Reconstruction, Southerners were forced to accept new leaders and new political freedoms for African Americans.

2. Texas Elects Ex-Confederates to Office Southerners elected many Confederate officials and soldiers to top positions in state government and to the U.S. Congress.  James W. Throckmorton elected TX Governor The Texas legislatures refused to ratify the 13 th and 14 th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Southern states also restricted the rights of African Americans with “black codes”—they were not allowed to vote, testify against or marry whites, or serve on juries. African American men who were arrested for vagrancy due to unemployment http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/civilwar/16/r econstruction1.html

3. Radical Republicans Take Charge Radical Republicans pushed a plan to set stricter standards for readmitting Southern states to the Union and that would protect the freedom of African Americans in the South. Radical Republicans pushed a plan to set stricter standards for readmitting Southern states to the Union and that would protect the freedom of African Americans in the South. In the 1866 congressional elections, Radical Republicans gained control of Congress and now had the power to override a presidential veto. In the 1866 congressional elections, Radical Republicans gained control of Congress and now had the power to override a presidential veto. President Johnson fought against the Radical program and was charged with misconduct in office. He missed being impeached by one vote. President Johnson fought against the Radical program and was charged with misconduct in office. He missed being impeached by one vote.

4. New Requirements for Statehood In March 1867, Congress divided the South into 5 districts. TX & LA made up 1 district, commanded by Major General Philip Sheridan.  Removed James W. Throckmorton as Governor and appointed Elisha M. Pease. Military rule continued until states met these requirements:  Ratify the 14 th Amendment  Ratify the 15 th Amendment  Repeal the Black Codes  Take the Ironclad Oath

5. Southerners Oppose Reconstruction Most African Americans were pleased at the plan of Reconstruction, but most former Confederates and secessionists thought it too harsh. Most African Americans were pleased at the plan of Reconstruction, but most former Confederates and secessionists thought it too harsh. Southern white supporters of Reconstruction were called scalawags. Northerners who often came to the South for political and economic gain during this period were called carpetbaggers. Southern white supporters of Reconstruction were called scalawags. Northerners who often came to the South for political and economic gain during this period were called carpetbaggers. In Texas and other Southern states, organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan used violence and threats to prevent African Americans from voting. In Texas and other Southern states, organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan used violence and threats to prevent African Americans from voting.

6. The “Invisible Empire of the South”

7. A New State Constitution and Elections In November 1869 Texans who qualified to vote approved a new state constitution and elected a governor and other state officials. The constitution provided that no one should excluded from voting because of race or color. It provided more support for public education, and protected public lands.

8. A Radical Republican Governor Critics complained that new Governor Edmund J. Davis and the Radical Republicans used their power to restrict the political activities of their opponents. Critics complained that new Governor Edmund J. Davis and the Radical Republicans used their power to restrict the political activities of their opponents. Davis was unpopular, but he and the Republicans started some good projects. Davis was unpopular, but he and the Republicans started some good projects.

9. A Democratic Challenge Some Democrats used threats and violence to keep African Americans from voting. In 1873 Richard Coke, a Democrat and ex- Confederate officer, was elected Governor by twice the number of votes that Davis received. Jan. 1874: sworn in as Governor