1. The Duel for North America
1608 – 1763
By: Mr. Michael R. Kahoe
Del Valle High School

2. France Finds a Foothold in Canada
France got involved in world colonization late
Port Royal (1604)
Quebec (1608) on St. Lawrence River
Claimed by Samuel de Champlain
Formed an alliance with Huron
tribe
Upsets the Iroquois

3. France Finds a Foothold in Canada
King Louis XIV ( ) –
took a deep interest in the colonies

4. France Finds a Foothold in Canada
New France
Completely autocratic
No representative assemblies
Pop. grew very slowly
1750 – only 6,000 French

6. New France Fans Out The beaver proved to be very valuable
Used beaver pelt for hats back in Europe
Coureurs de bois – “runners of the woods”
Rough and tumble
adventurers
Explored North America
Baton Rouge
Terre Haute
Des Moines
Grand Teton

7. New France Fans Out French recruited Indians in the fur trade
Natives negatively affected by their presence
Disease
Violated religious
beliefs
Alcoholism
Ecological
damage (killing
off beaver)

8. New France Fans Out Jesuits – French catholic missionaries
Tried to convert Indians
Served as explorers and geographers

9. Fur Trading Posts

10. New France Fans Out
Antoine Cadillac – founded Detroit (“the city of the straits”)
Robert de la Salle
Sailed down the Mississippi
Claimed the surroundings
for France
Named it Louisiana
(after Louis XIV)
Dies in Spanish Texas
New Orleans (1718)

11. Clash of Empires
King William’s War ( ) and Queen Anne’s War ( )
British colonists versus French coureur de dois
Each side had Indian allies
Used primitive guerilla warfare
French & Indians attacked Schenectady, NY and Deerfield, Mass.
Spain allies with French

12. Clash of Empires British colonist took Port Royal in Acadia
Peace signed at Utrecht in 1713
British get Acadia (rename Nova Scotia), Newfoundland & Hudson Bay
French colonial empire greatly reduced

13. Clash of Empires King George’s War
1739 – Started with War of Jenkin’s Ear
British Captain Jenkins stopped by Spanish revenue authorities
He was accused of smuggling
Spanish captain cut off his ear
Started in Caribbean sea & Georgia
Later became part of the War of Austrian Succession
France joins on Spain's side
British capture fortress Louisbourg
1748 treaty gave it back to French
Colonists upset

14. George Washington Inaugurates War with France
Ohio Valley disputed by colonists and France
Colonists wanted to expand west
France wanted control of the fur trade and link its territories
1749 – Virginian speculators secured “rights” to the region
But French were building forts along Ohio River
Fort Duquesne

15. George Washington Inaugurates War with France
1754 – G. Washington sent to secure the claims
Lt. Colonel
Has 150 militia men
Encounters a few French troops near Ft. Duquesne and opens fire
French retreat
Washington hastily builds Ft. Necessity
French return and lay siege
Washington surrenders

16. Ft. Necessity

17. Global War & Colonial Disunity
The Seven Years War (French & Indian War) started in America
France
Spain
Austria
Russia
Britain
Prussia
Vs.
1754 Albany Congress
discuss defense
Keeping Iroquois loyal

18. Franklin’s Cartoon

19. British-American Colonial Tensions
Colonials
British
Methods of Fighting:
Indian-style guerilla tactics.
March in formation or bayonet charge.
Military Organization:
Col. militias served under own captains.
Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.
Military Discipline:
No mil. deference or protocols observed.
Drills & tough discipline.
Finances:
Resistance to rising taxes.
Colonists should pay for their own defense.
Demeanor:
Casual, non-professionals.
Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

20. Braddock’s Blundering
The war started off badly for British
1755 General Edward “Bulldog” Braddock sent to America
60 yr old vet from European wars
Had 2,000 men (British regulars & colonial “buckskin”)

21. Braddock’s Blundering
Braddock encounters a small French & Indian force near Ft. Duquesne
He repels them
They return and attack from the outskirts and decimate his force
Braddock mortally wounded

22. Braddock’s Blundering
Washington’s Legend Begins
During encounter, Washington, seems invincible
2 of his horses are shot from under him
4 bullets pierce his coat

23. Braddock’s Blundering
Indians take opportunity to go on warpath throughout colonies
Colonists offer bounties for Indian scalps
$50 for women
$130 for braves

24. Pitt’s Palms of Victory
William Pitt – the “Great Commoner” was a well loved leader & great orator
1757 – took charge of the war
Concentrated on Quebec & Montreal area
Picked young and energetic leaders
Dumped old fuddy-duddies
1758 – Louisbourg falls
1759 – Quebec falls thanks to leadership of James Wolfe
1760 – Montreal falls

25. Treaty of Paris (1763) England gets French territory in N. America
Spain gets Louisiana
Spain gave England Florida in exchange for Cuba
England severely in debt

27. North America in 1763

28. Restless Colonists Intercolonial Disunity – caused by:
Distances
Geographical barriers
Conflicting religions
Different nationalities
Different governments
After war America was a bit more unified

29. Restless Colonists Results of War Colonists more confident
Shattered myth of British invincibility
Friction develops
Demoted Washington to Captain
British leaders called colonists “scum”, and “outhouse of civilization”
Colonists did not full support cause
Reluctant to fight
Traded with enemy

30. War’s Fateful Aftermath
Expansion possible
Natives had to deal solely with British
Chief Pontiac – Ottawa chief who led several tribes against colonists in Ohio in 1763
Killed 2,000
Colonists use
biological warfare
(smallpox)

31. Pontiac’s Rebellion

32. Proclamation Line of 1763
Prevents settlement past the Appalachian Mts.
To prevent further Indian uprising
Upset colonists ignore it