1. Sulphuric Acid-H 2 SO 4 Teo Keane102(25)

2. Outline Production of sulphuric acid What is sulphuric acid? Chemical properties Main uses - Fertilisers - Production of acids

3. Outline Production of sulphuric acid What is sulphuric acid? Chemical properties Main uses - Fertilisers - Production of acids

4. Top Chemical Produced in US Based on Year 2000 data from http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/CHEMWEEK/s ulf&top/sulf&top.html Volume of chemical produced/ 10 9 kg Sulphuric acid

6. Production of sulphuric acid 1. Sulphur is heated and mixed with air, forming sulphur dioxide gas. Sulphur + oxygen  sulphur dioxide 2. Sulphur dioxide is mixed with more air, forming sulphur trioxide. Sulphur dioxide + oxygen  sulphur trioxide Sulphur dioxide structure Sulphur trioxide structure

7. Production of sulphuric acid 3. Sulphur trioxide is mixed with water, forming sulphuric acid Sulphur trioxide + water  sulphuric acid

8. Outline Production of sulphuric acid What is sulphuric acid? Chemical properties Main uses - Fertilisers - Production of acids

9. What is sulphuric acid? Molecular formula-H 2 SO 4 Viscous and oily Clear, colourless, odorless One of the cheapest acids in the world-roughly USD $90 per tonne Widely-used About 170 000 000 tonnes produced each year Hydrogen Oxygen Sulphur

10. Outline Production of sulphuric acid What is sulphuric acid? Chemical properties Main uses - Fertilisers - Production of acids

11. Chemical properties Density: 1.84g/cm 3, liquid Melting point: 10 o C, 283K, 50 o F Boiling point: 337 o C, 610K, 639 o F Miscible - able to ‘dissolve’ in water pH: 0.3

12. Outline Production of sulphuric acid What is sulphuric acid? Chemical properties Main uses - Fertilisers - Production of acids

13. Main uses Fertilisers (ammonium sulphate, super phosphate of lime) Various acids (hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid) Industrial products (plastics, cellophanes, dyes, disinfectants, glue) TNT (tri-nitro-toluene) Electrolyte in lead-acid batteries

14. Outline Production of sulphuric acid What is sulphuric acid? Chemical properties Main uses - Fertilisers - Production of acids

15. Fertilisers 30% of sulphuric acid produced each year used for fertilisers Two main types: Making ammonium sulphate-(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Making superphosphate fertilizer

16. Ammonium sulphate fertiliser White crystalline salt form May have an acidic effect on soil Should be used in soils with high pH

17. Superphosphate fertilisers Fully water soluble Can be applied to all types of soil Most gardeners are familiar with this fertiliser Three types: Single superphosphate Dicalcium superphosphate Triple superphosphate

18. Outline Production of sulphuric acid What is sulphuric acid? Chemical properties Main uses - Fertilisers - Production of acids

19. Producing acids Sulphuric acid is used to make different types of acids, like phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.

20. Production of phosphoric acid Tricalcium phosphate is extracted from phosphate rocks and mixed with sulphuric acid to form phosphoric acid and calcium sulphate. Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 +3H 2 SO 4  2H 3 PO 4 + 3Ca(SO 4 ) Phosphate rock Phosphoric acid Sulphuric acid Phosphoric acid

21. Production of hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid is produced when sodium chloride (NaCl) is mixed with sulphuric acid. 2NaCl + H 2 SO 4  Na 2 SO 4 + 2HCL Sodium chloride Sulphuric acid Hydrochloric acid

22. Bibliography Baxamusa, B. N. (2010, April 05). Sulfuric acid uses. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/sulfuric- acid-uses.html Wikipedia.org. (2012, March). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid DKL Engineering, Inc. (n.d.). Market and cost information. Retrieved from http://www.sulphuric- acid.com/sulphuric-acid-on-the-web/Market-Info.htmhttp://www.sulphuric- acid.com/sulphuric-acid-on-the-web/Market-Info.htm Sulfuric acid. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/CHEMWEEK/sulf&top/sulf&t op.html

23. Bibliography bscstriplescience. (2008). C3.4.12 why is sulphuric acid so important?. Retrieved from http://bscstriplescience.wikispaces.com/file/view/C3_4_1 2 (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.made-in- china.com/showroom/ymiecjpt/product- detailrbWxtvSEIfpL/China-Single-Super-Phosphate- SSP-Fertilizer.htmlhttp://www.made-in- china.com/showroom/ymiecjpt/product- detailrbWxtvSEIfpL/China-Single-Super-Phosphate- SSP-Fertilizer.html (2006). Retrieved from http://www.landscape-and- garden.com/garden-soil/fertilizer-types.aspx (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.nelsonthornes.com/secondary/science/scinet/ scinet/reaction/indust/h2so41.htm

24. Bibliography Production of phosphoric acid. Retrieved from http://www.efma.org/documents/file/bat/BAT%20Producti on%20of%20Phosphoric%20Acid.pdf http://www.efma.org/documents/file/bat/BAT%20Producti on%20of%20Phosphoric%20Acid.pdf Hydrochloric acid. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch08/final/c08 s06.pdf