1. Extended Learning Module D
Network Basics

2. What is a Computer Network?
What are the Benefits of Computer Networking?
Describe some networks

3. Introduction
Computer network - two or more computers connected so that they can communicate with each other and share information, software, peripheral devices, and/or processing power.

4. Advantages of Networks:
streamline work _________ and cut costs
allow people within organizations to collaborate
share hardware, software, and processing power
enable geographically distant work groups to communicate with each other
allow businesses to ________ information with external groups such as suppliers
shorten business lead times and response times
support electronic commerce

5. Introduction Basic Principles of Networks
Each computer must have a network card.
A network has at least one connecting device.
There must be communications media connecting the network hardware devices.
Each computer must have software that supports the movement of information.

6. Peer-to-Peer Home Networks
Internet Access
Business Networks
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Communications Service Providers

7. Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Peer-to-peer network - a network in which a small number of computers share hardware, software and/or information.
You can setup a small peer-to-peer network
With Ethernet cards (NIC) and dedicated cables
Using the existing phone wiring

8. Peer-to-Peer Home Network Home Network Components
Figure D.1 Hub, Switch, and Router as Roadway Intersections page 428
Network hub - a device that connects multiple computers into a network with only one communications link at a time.
Switch - a device that connects multiple computers into a network in which multiple communications links can be in operation simultaneously.

9. Peer-to-Peer Home Network Home Network Components
Figure D.2 page 429
Typical Home Network

10. Peer-to-Peer Home Network Wireless Access to Your Home Network
Wireless network access point or wireless access point - a device that allows computers to access a _________ network using radio waves.

11. Peer-to-Peer Home Network Wireless Access to Your Home Network
WiFi, Wireless Fidelity, or IEEE b - a way of transmitting information in wave form that is reasonably fast and is often used for notebooks.
Bluetooth technology - provides entirely wireless connections for all kinds of communication devices.

12. Internet Access Peer-to-Peer Home Networks Internet Access
Business Networks
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Communications Service Providers

13. Internet Access Ways to Access the Internet at Home
Telephone line and a telephone or dial-up modem.
Telephone line and a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem.
Cable TV line and a cable modem.
Satellite dish and a satellite modem.
Provider that offers wireless connection for your notebook.

14. Internet Access Wireless Internet Connection
Wireless Internet service provider (wireless ISP) - does the same job as standard Internet service providers except that you don’t need a wired connection for access.

15. Business Networks Peer-to-Peer Home Networks Internet Access
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Communications Service Providers

16. Business Networks
Client/server network - a network in which one or more computers are servers and provide services to the other computers which are called clients.

17. Client/Server Architecture
URL
Database Query
Disks for
Storage
Server
Response & Results
TCP/IP
HTTP
Client
Requests & Parameters

18. Business Networks Client/Server: A Physical View
There are many physical implementations of client/server networks
Conceptually, large networks work on the same principles as small ones

19. Business Networks Client/Server: A Physical View
You still need
Network cards
Hubs
Switches
Routers
Communications media and
Network operating systems

20. Business Networks Client/Server: A Physical View
Communications protocol (protocol) - a set of rules that every computer follows to transfer information.

21. LANs, MANs, MANs and Communications Media
Peer-to-Peer Home Networks
Internet Access
Business Networks
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media 
Communications Service Providers

22. LANs, MANs, WANs, & Communications Media Classification of Networks by Geographic Distance
Local area network (LAN) - covers a limited _________ distance, such as an office, building, or a group of buildings in close proximity to each other.
Municipal area network (MAN) - covers a ________ area.
Wide area network (WAN) – covers a large geographic distances, such as a state, a country, or even the entire _________.

23. LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media Telecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry Information
Communications media - the paths, or physical channels, in a network over which information travels.
Wired ___________ media - transmit information over a closed, connected path.
__________communications media - transmit information through the air.

24. Wired Communications Media include:
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media Telecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry Information
Wired Communications Media include:
Twisted-pair cable
________ cable
Optical Fiber

25. Wireless Communications Media Include:
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media Telecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry Information
Wireless Communications Media Include:
Microwave
_________
Infrared

26. LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media Infrared and Omnidirectional Microware for Short Distances
Wireless communications media radiate information into the air, either very narrowly beamed or in many directions like ripples from a pebble tossed into a pond.
Infrared - a wireless communications medium that uses radio waves to transmit signals or information.
Bluetooth
Microwave transmission - a type of radio transmission.
WiFi
Bluetooth
A short-range radio technology aimed at simplifying communications among Internet devices and between devices and the Internet. It also aims to simplify data synchronization between Internet devices and other computers.
Products with Bluetooth technology must be qualified and pass interoperability testing by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group prior to release. Bluetooth's founding members include Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba.
Also see the Wireless LAN Standards chart in the Quick Reference section of Webopedia.
Wi-Fi
Short for wireless fidelity and is meant to be used generically when referring of any type of network, whether b, a, dual-band, etc. The term is promulgated by the Wi-Fi Alliance.
Q: What's the Difference Between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi?A: Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are both wireless networking standards that provide connectivity via radio waves. The main difference: Bluetooth's primary use is to replace cables, while Wi-Fi is largely used to provide wireless, high-speed access to the Internet or a local area network.

27. Communications Service Providers
Communications service providers - third parties who furnish the conduit for information.
Public network - a network on which your organization _________ for time with others.

28. Communications Service Providers
Private network - communications media that your organization ______ or exclusively leases to connect networks or network components.
Value-added network (VAN) - a semipublic network that provides services beyond the movement of information from one place to another.
Virtual private network (VPN) – uses software to establish a ________ channel on the Internet for transmitting data.

29. Communications Service Providers Key Considerations for Communications Media
To determine the most appropriate communications medium, you must consider:
Capacity
Reliability
Cost
Distance
Mobility