1. Chapter Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe 14

2. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Civilization in Eastern Europe I.The Byzantine Empire II.The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity III.The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe IV.The Emergence of Kievan Rus

3. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert

4. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Byzantine Empire The Power of the Byzantine Empire –Emperor Constantine  4th century C.E., Constantinople  Empire divided Capitals at Rome and Constantinople  Greek language official from 6th century

5. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Byzantine Empire under Justinian

6. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Justinian's Achievements Justinian –Attempts reconquest of Italy –Slavs, Persians attack from east –Building projects  Hagia Sophia –Legal codification

7. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Arab Pressure and the Empire's Defenses Center of empire shifts to east Constant external threats –Arab Muslims –Bulgars  Defeated by Basil II, 11th century

8. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Byzantine Society and Politics Emperors resemble Chinese rulers –Court ritual –Head of church and state Sophisticated bureaucracy –Open to all classes Provincial governors

9. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Byzantine Society and Politics Economic control –Regulation of food prices, trade –Silk production Trade network –Asia, Russia, Scandinavia, Europe, Africa Arts –Creativity in architecture

10. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity The Schism –Separate paths –Patriarch Michael  1054, attacks Catholic practice –Mutual excommunication

11. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Empire's Decline Period of decline from 11th century Seljuk Turks –Take most of Asian provinces –1071, Manzikert  Byzantine defeat Slavic states emerge

12. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Empire's Decline Appeal to West brings crusaders –1204, Venetian crusaders sack Constantinople 1453, Constantinople taken by Ottoman Turks –1461, empire gone

13. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Byzantine Empire, 1000-1100

14. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe Influence through conquest, conversion, trade Cyril, Methodius, to Slavs –Cyrillic script

15. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The East Central Borderlands Competition from Catholics and Orthodox Greeks Catholics –Czechs, Hungary, Poland –Regional monarchies prevail Jews from western Europe

16. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Emergence of Kievan Rus' New Patterns of Trade –Slavs from Asia  Iron working, extend agriculture  Mix with earlier populations  Family tribes, villages  Kingdoms  Animistic

17. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Emergence of Kievan Rus' New Patterns of Trade –6th, 7th centuries  Scandinavian merchants  Trade between Byzantines and the North –c. 855, monarchy under Rurik  Center at Kiev –Vladimir I (980-1015)  Converts to Orthodoxy  Controls church

18. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert East European Kingdoms and Slavic Expansion, c. 1000

19. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Institutions and Culture in Kievan Rus' Influenced by Byzantine patterns Orthodox influence –Ornate churches –Icons –Monasticism Art, literature dominated by religion, royalty Free farmers predominant

20. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Institutions and Culture in Kievan Rus' Boyars, landlords –Less powerful than in the West

21. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Kievan Decline Decline from 12th century –Rival governments –Succession struggles Asian conquerors Mongols (Tartars) –13th century, take territory –Traditional culture survives

22. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The End of an Era in Eastern Europe Mongol invasions usher in new period East and West further separated