1. Origins of the Cold War

2. Warm Up
The questions below are based on what you read and learned on Monday. Write and answer the following questions!!!
1.) What was the Cold War?
2.) What were the beliefs of the U.S.?
3.) What were the beliefs of the Soviet Union?
5 mins.

3. Warm Up
Get a CRCT book. Read pgs Answer all questions. You may write the number and letter.

4. Note-Taking Using Alphaboxes Organizer
You will fill in the boxes with important terms
All of the information that you need can be found in the PowerPoint, so you need to pay attention!!!!

5. A Difference In Opinion
1945—the beginning of a long period of distrust & misunderstanding between the Soviet Union and its former allies in the West (particularly the US)
Soviet Union believed a powerful central government should control the economy as well as the government
US believed that businesses should be privately owned

6. Post-WWII Europe (1945)
Western Europe and America were alarmed by Soviet advances in Eastern Europe
Many Europeans and Americans believed that the communists were trying to take over the world!

7. “The Iron Curtain”
Soviet dictator, Joseph Stalin placed most of the Eastern European countries under communist control
“Eastern Bloc”
The United States led the Western Bloc countries of Western Europe
The imaginary line separating the two was called the “Iron Curtain”

8. The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

9. Checking For Understanding Stand Up/Sit Down
If the statement is true, stand up. If the statement is false, stay seated. U.S. believed a powerful central government should control the economy as well as the government.

10. Checking For Understanding Stand Up/Sit Down
If the statement is true, stand up. If the statement is false, stay seated. The “Iron Curtain” was a real curtain separating the Eastern European countries and the Western Bloc countries of Western Europe.

11. Division of Germany
End of WWII, Allies divided Germany into 4 sections to keep it from regaining power
US, Great Britain, France, & Soviet Union each controlled a section
1948: Western Allies wanted to reunite Germany, but Soviets disagreed
Soviet section became “East Germany” and the reunited sections became “West Germany”
Berlin was also divided into East & West

12. Post-War Germany

13. A Nuclear War Each side thought the other was trying to rule the world
Neither side would give up, people lived in fear that another world war would erupt
This time it could be a nuclear war, which could destroy the entire planet
Countries began to form alliances to protect themselves…

14. NATO
1949: Western European countries, Canada, & US formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Each nation in NATO believed the Soviet Union would not attack western Europe if the U.S. would launch nuclear war in return
Why was it formed?
To protect member countries from the Soviet Union or any other country’s invasion.
Set up a defense alliance.
Assist in creating free governments.

15. The Warsaw Pact What was the Warsaw Pact? Why was it formed?
an alliance of the Soviet Union and its communist satellite nations
Why was it formed?
to counter NATO
an anti-Western military alliance
Why “Warsaw”?
Warsaw, Poland was the city where the treaty was signed
Satellite nation?
Satellite nations are nations that are dependent upon a stronger power.
The Soviet satellite nations were Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and East Germany.

16. Checking For Understanding
1.) Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, and the _____ each controlled a section of Germany after WWII. 2.) NATO was formed after WWII to: -

17. Categorizing
There are 2 categories: U.S. and Soviet Union. Create a T-chart and write the phrases/terms under the correct category.
Powerful central government should control the economy as well as the government
Warsaw Pact
NATO
West Germany
East Germany
communism
businesses should be privately owned
democracy

18. RISE OF THE SUPERPOWERS
Use the chart on the back of your Alphaboxes organizer for slides entitled, Soviet Union and United States.

19. Superpowers
As the Cold War continued, more countries allied with each side
The US and USSR had the ability to influence world events and project worldwide power
The countries were evenly matched…

20. Soviet Union Had a permanent seat on the UN Security Council
Influenced other communist countries and dictatorships around the world
Occupied the largest country in the world, 3rd largest population, & the 2nd largest economy
Had strong military and space technology, a worldwide spy network (the KGB), & one of the largest stockpiles of nuclear weapons in the world.

21. United States
Also had a permanent seat on the UN Security Council, as well as strong ties with Western Europe & Latin America
4th most populated country
Had powerful military support from NATO, the largest navy in the world, bases all over the world, the CIA, and a large reserve of nuclear weapons

22. Checking For Understanding
Why were the United States and Soviet Union considered superpowers?

23. Checking For Understanding Thumbs Up/Thumbs Down
If the following statement is true, thumbs up. If the statement is false, thumbs down.
The U.S. had military and space technology, a worldwide spy network (the KGB).

24. What about Berlin?
During the Cold war, there were many “hot spots” (areas of extreme tension)
The earliest hot spot was Berlin.
At the end of World War II, Germany was divided into four occupation zones
American, British, French, and Soviet
The Soviets controlled the eastern part of Germany, the western countries controlled the western part of Germany.
The capital Berlin, deep within Soviet-controlled territory, was also divided into four occupation zones.

26. Berlin Blockaded!
In June 1948, the Soviets blockaded all land and water traffic into western Berlin hoping to make Britain, France, and America leave the city. --(Remember Berlin was in East Germany which the USSR occupied.)
In response, the United States and Great Britain began an airlift…

28. Checking For Understanding
1.) Areas of extreme tension are “___ ___.”
2.) At the end of World War II, Germany was divided into four occupation zones
American, British, French, and _______.
3.) Who occupied Berlin since it was in EAST Germany?

29. Berlin Airlift What’s an airlift? How long did it last?
a system of carrying supplies into West Berlin by plane
Day and night, British and American pilots flew in tons of food, fuel, and raw materials.
How long did it last?
11 months
The airlift is over. Now what?
Germany officially becomes two countries with two governments.
Bonn becomes the capital of West Germany.
East Berlin becomes the capital of East Germany.
West Berlin remains a democratic stronghold, surrounded by communism.

32. The Berlin Wall Berliners hated living under communism
Luckily, West Berlin and freedom were just across the street
About 3 million people fled to West Berlin looking for political freedom and better lives
The East German government wanted it to stop
In August 1961, East Germany built a 103 mile wall between East and West Berlin.
Guarded by Soviet troops, it became a symbol of the split between western and eastern Europe.

33. 1961 – Berlin Wall Built

36. Checking For Understanding
True or False
1.) An airlift is a system of carrying supplies into West Berlin by plane.
2.) After the airlift is over, West Berlin remains a democratic stronghold, surrounded by communism.
3.) Berliners loved living under communism. West Germany built a 103 mile wall between East and West Berlin.

37. Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations US & the Western Democracies
Cold War Summary:
Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations
US & the Western Democracies
GOAL  spread world-wide Communism
GOAL  “Containment” of Communism
How’d They Do It?:
Espionage (spyware)-- (KGB vs. CIA)
Arms Race (nuclear weapons)
Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples (Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy)
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact