1. Relative Pronouns Introduce a subordinate clause (dependent clause—cannot stand alone, must be married to an independent CLAUSE) Relative Pronouns: THATWHICHWHO WHOMWHOSE She is the lady who brings us cookies every Monday afternoon. The cat that ate your pet mouse is unfriendly.

2. Relative Pronouns Nominative case: who, whoever Objective case: whom, whomever The use of who or whom in a subordinate clause depends on how the pronoun functions in the clause

3. WHO= used as a subject WHOM= used as an object SUBJECTOBJECT IMe HeHim SheHer WeUs TheyThem WHOWHOM Use WHOM for indirect/direct objects or objects of the preposition; use WHO for the subject or predicate nominative

4. Informal methods of determining who/whom… 1. Use WHO when you could replace it with HE. Ex: Who/m is standing by the gate? You would say, He is standing by the gate; so who is correct. Marvin wished he knew who/whom won. He knew is a clause; he won would be correct, so the correct pronoun is who.

5. Who vs. Whom 2. Use WHOM when you could replace it with HIM. Ex: To who/whom am I speaking? Turn the sentence around to, I am speaking to who/whom. We would say, I am speaking to him, so whom would be correct. Ex: Jacob wanted to know on who/m the prank was pulled. Turn the sentence: The prank was pulled on who/m. You would say, him; correct answer=whom

6. Whomever or whoever? 3. Use ever on the end of who/whom when who/whom fits in both clauses. Ex: Give it to ________ asks for it first. We would say, Give it to him, or He asks for it first. So, who/whom fit into both clauses. he/him combination=whoever Him/him combination=whomever So answer for above example is WHOEVER.

7. Whomever or whoever? Ex: we will hire _________you recommend. We would either say, We will hire him, or You recommend him. We know to use ever, and this time have a him/him combination Answer: We will hire whomever you recommend.

8. What about questions? Turn questions into a statement to determine the correct pronoun. Ex: Who/m should I invite to the dance? I should invite – her – to the dance. Since the correct pronoun is her/him/them, WHOM is correct.

9. Review Who/m should I ask to the dance? Sarah hasn’t decided who/m should be appointed as her dance partner yet. I am looking for a dance partner on who/m I can depend. Jason is the dancer who/m will display his brilliant choreography at our ten-year reunion.