1. Impact of “application empowered” networks >The semi-conductor revolution reduced CAPEX and OPEX costs for main frame computer >But its biggest impact was not on main frame computer but allowing the creation of mini-computers, PCs, mobile phones, etc >In the 1960’s computing was a “service” like telecom is today – Large mainframes leased by companies like IBM – It was inconceivable that an individual could own a computer >The same revolution may be about to happen to optical networking as with semi-conductor because of low cost optics – Yes it will make networks cheaper for carriers to operate – But the real revolution is in allowing us to think of new network models and architectures e.g – Application empowered networks, customer controlled networks, overlay networks, etc

2. CA*net 4 is NOT an optical network >CA*net 4 is made up of many parallel application empowered or customer empowered specific networks eg: – Computer back planes (Westgrid) – High energy physics network >It extends the Internet 2 architecture of GigaPOPs connecting a small number of R&E institutions to a much finer scale with many parallel “application empowered” Internet 2 like networks connecting individual researchers and/or applications – With added feature that the application or user can dynamically manage their own IP network topology – Application empowered networks peer with each other at GigaPOPs and at optical switches which provides for greater reliability >The CA*net 4 wavelengths and switches are partitioned such that application empowered networks can control their own partition and incorporate alarms, topology and discovery into their IP network – New ITU draft standard – Y.1312 - Layer 1 VPNs

3. Drivers for application empowered networks -1 >Distributed back planes between HPC Grid centers – Westgrid 1 GbE moving to 10 GbE – SHARCnet 10 GbE >Distributed Single Mount file systems – Yotta, Yotta - SGI – Needs very consistent performance and throughput to truly act as a back plane – Frequent topology changes to meet needs of specific applications – Demonstrated 5 Gbps at SC 2003 >Canada ATLAS – 980 Gbytes FCAL data once a month from CERN to Carleton U, UoAlberta, UoArizona, etc – Will significantly increase to Terabytes when production runs start – Would take over 80 days on IP R&E network

4. >CERN Low level trigger data to UoAlberta with GARDEN – Initially streaming data rates 1 Gbps moving to 10Gbps later in the year >Canadian virtual observatory –.5 Tbyte per day to UoToronto and UoHawaii – 250 Mbps continuous streaming from CCD devices >Neptune – Canada (and US?) under sea laboratory – multiple HDTV cameras and sensors on sea floor >Canada Light Source Synchrotron – remote streaming of data acquisition to UoAlberta – 2 to 5 Gbps continuously >Canadian remote Nano and micro electronics laboratories Drivers for application empowered networks - 2

5. A VPN alternative to GMPLS Layer 1 VPNs >Allows customer to create “customer owned and managed” networks with resource heterogeneity >Integration of wavelengths and dark fiber from different carriers >Customers can manage their own restoral and protection schemes >Customer can create daughter VPNs and offer to other users >Customer can autonomously connect VPNs with other third parties >Customer does “traffic engineering”

6. Enables new network architectures >Eliminate expensive high end routers and replace them with partial mesh of lightpaths between edge routers and servers – But circuits are NOT intended to replace packet networks >Extend the Internet end to end principle to the topology layer – The success of the Internet is largely attributable to the classic e2e principle where control is at the edge – Users can now control topology as well as applications – Allowed development of exciting new applications or services >Many exciting new overlay networks – Knowledgeplane – Oceanstore, Chord – PlanetLab >Application empowered networks allow overlay network to optimized “underlay” topology – Customer controlled traffic engineering Question 3

7. The GigaPOP concept Abilen e Commodity Internet vBNS University GigaPOP

8. CA*net 4 == Internet 3? Abilen e Commodity Internet vBNS University CERN University GigaPOP UltraLight eVBLI Dept

9. Hypothetical UltraLight Config CERN GigaPOP Caltech UltraLight User controlled traffic engineering

10. Gov’t Funding >Governments are increasingly unlikely to fund general purpose IP research networks – General purpose IP research networks are large vectors for DOS attacks and music/video file sharing >They want to see a stronger coupling between the network and specific research activity >Many new research applications have data flows that dwarf the general purpose IP R&E network >Application empowered networks will be discipline or application specific e.g. Ultralight, e-VBLI