1. Personalisation & Employment IPPR Seminar on Personalising Welfare Dr Simon Duffy Centre for Welfare Reform 21st October 2009 www.centreforwelfarereform.org

2. Context Direct Payments Personal Budgets Resource Allocation Systems Conditionality Self-Directed Support Community-based Support Efficiency Rationale Welfare Reform Key Issues

3. Context in Social Care A history of institutional care and powerlessness Growth of Independent Living movement (1960s) Slow policy shifts 1996 Direct Payments Act

4. Direct Payments Offers input efficiencies - not process/outcome efficiencies DPs and IPs - chosen by c. 50% Does not explain greater efficiencies of Personal Budgets

5. Personal Budgets

6. Resource Allocation Systems Resource Allocation Systems are rules-based systems for allocating funds Radically simplify criteria and enable funding integration Indicative quality of budget allows for fine-tuning

7. Conditionality Conditionality offers a way of increasing engagement of citizens Outcome vs Process conditionality Change of management vs penalty

8. Self-Directed Support

9. Community-based support Independent brokerage is the least effective and efficient form of support. Other forms of support have differential impact on different groups - but support from family & friends always correlates with greater improvements in outcomes Sophistication of this message is not getting through - risk of explosion in wasteful support

10. Efficiency in Pull Economics Focusing paid support where its really valued Purchasing non-standard services Integrating paid and unpaid support - tackling disincentives Increased community activity More careful spending

11. Underpinning rationale

12. Welfare Reform