2. Aquaculture

3. the controlled production of animals that normally live in water (fish farming) three thousand year old practice started by the Egyptians and Chinese

4. Aquaculture two types of water creatures freshwater saltwater

5. Aquaculture animals raised for production may include crustaceans (shrimp and crayfish) mollusks (clams and oysters) amphibians (frogs) reptiles (alligators)

6. Aquaculture fish provide a high quality high protein supply of meat as with other agriculture animals humans soon discovered that by producing their own aquatic animals that the supply available to the consumer would be more dependable and easier to harvest

7. Aquaculture commercial growth growing of fish five million tons a year produced demands of the consumer has increased

8. Aquaculture aquatic animals are produced efficiently and economically fish account for 12% of the meat consumed in the US

9. Aquaculture

10. Fish Production many advantages over other agricultural animals 9lbs. Feed for 1lbs. Of gain for steer 2lbs. Feed for 1lbs. Of gain a fish

11. Fish Production fish are ectothermic (cold- blooded) this means less energy goes into maintaining a constant body temp

12. Fish Production fish have a higher percentage of edible meat (up to 85%) up to 6000 pounds fish can be raised on one acre

13. Fish Production Problems in fish production dissolved oxygen level must be maintained shipping the meat (fish spoils quickly) operations are labor intensive operations are high risk

14. Fish Respiration breathe oxygen use gills to take oxygen from the water and put it to use in the bloodstream gills act just as lungs do

15. Fish Respiration The oxygen is put into the water through… photosynthesis process in which aquatic plants which releases dissolved oxygen into the water

16. Fish Respiration directly from the sun penetrating the oxygen into the waves aeration by creating waves

17. Fish Respiration if the dissolved oxygen level falls below a certain point the fish may suddenly die (suffocate)

18. Commercially Grown grouped into two categories warm water thrive in temps above 60 degrees catfish and tilapia most popular in US

19. Cold Water thrive in waters that are 70 degrees or less Trout and Salmon most popular in the US

20. Catfish Production most widely grown production fish in the US smooth skin with no scales

21. Catfish Production nearly 100,000 metric tons produced each year at a value of $380 million survive on lower levels of dissolved oxygen than most other production fish

22. Channel Catfish most widely used Mississippi leads in channel cat production raised in ponds less than 6 feet deep

23. Egg production female catfish lay eggs in nests that are provided by the producer eggs are collected and placed in tanks or jars in the hatchery

24. Egg production eggs are moved back and forth by use of paddles in a wave-like action fish eggs must be turned just as bird eggs are in order to hatch

25. Egg production When small fish hatch (called fry) they are placed in tanks until they are about two inches long (then called fingerlings)

26. Fingerlings are transferred into a pond or huge tank until they weigh two pounds

27. Egg production fish are fed twice a day fish are harvested using seines (large nets)

28. Another method of raising production fish is using large submerged cages

29. Cages advantages fish may be inspected more closely less feed is wasted predator problems are solved harvesting is easier

30. Tilapia Production native to Africa resemble our native sunfish reproduce prolifically grow rapidly

31. Tilapia Production can survive high temp, low oxygen and overcrowded conditions can survive in water below 50 degrees

32. Trout Production considered the best tasting fish high percentage of their body is edible meat cold water fish

33. Trout Production most trout are raised in concrete raceways where the water is constantly moving moving water keeps the water cooler and keeps the dissolved oxygen level higher

34. Trout Production disease control is easier in this environment

35. Salmon Production cold water fish raised in floating net cages that are anchored in bays of oceans usually takes 18-24 months to finish out the fish harvested at 9-11 pounds

36. Salmon Production very meaty fish with a favorable taste most salmon that is consumed is caught in the ocean rather than raised in captivity

37. Sport fishing hatcheries stock lakes and streams recreational fishing creates other industry fishing tackle stores boats

38. Sport fishing guide services restaurant, hotel and other stores near the water

39. Bullfrog Production frog legs are considered a gourmet food most frogs are raised in the wild demand for frogs far exceed the supply

40. Bullfrog Production attempts to raise bullfrogs in captivity have been unsuccessful for many reasons 1. Animals are territorial 2. Frogs only eat food that is alive, no processed food

41. Bullfrog Production 3. Predators (raccoons and snakes) research is still being done to find a way to raise bullfrogs for production purposes

42. Crayfish Craw Dads, Crawfish, or Mud Bugs Louisiana leads in crawfish production 1000 pounds per acre can be produced

43. Crayfish raised in large earthen ponds that are less than two feet deep can be grown along with crops such as rice crawfish are omnivorous (they eat both plants and animals)

44. Crayfish main diet is decaying plants, worms and insect larvae

45. Alligator Production alligators were hunted to a point near extinction hides are very valuable conservation efforts have brought the population back

46. Alligator Production alligators are harvested at the age of 26 months of age and five to six feet long hides are sold to make bags, boots, shoes and various other leather type goods

47. Alligator Production skulls and teeth are also a hot commodity meat is very tasty and is sold to restaurants

48. Alligator Production process of raising alligators females build nests from vegetation and mud and lay an average of 40 eggs each time

49. Alligator Production producers remove the eggs from the nest to limit the loss to predators eggs are marked so that the proper end will be in the right position to ensure a good hatch

50. Alligator Production eggs are wrapped in hay and are kept moist the hay contains a bacteria that breaks down the shell allowing the babies to break through the shell

51. Alligator Production temperature is critical to determining the sex of the newborn alligator temps above 93 degrees produce all males

52. Alligator Production temps below 86 degrees produce all females temp of 88 degrees produces an even mixture alligators are fed fish, products from poultry industry

53. Alligator Production carcasses of animals that are slaughtered for their fur only