1. KNOWING ORCHIDS CULTIVATION (Species, propagation & planting)

2. POTENTIAL OF INDONESIAN RESOURCE Beautiful landscape Fertile soil Expected of climate

3. INDONESIA AS A MEGABIODIVERSITY COUNTRY Indonesia has about 4000 orchids species is distributed in many islands. Kalimantan & Sumatera have about 986 orchids species and Java has the ones more than 971 species. Maluku has about 123 species. Irian jaya has about more than 1000 species (Dendrobium and Bulbophyllum)

4. Growing at elevations from sea level up to 3000 meters and temperature between up 8,7 °C to 32°C. They are found on branches of trees at in tropical rain forests.

5. CARACTER OF ORCHIDS DISTRIBUTED Cosmopolite orchid ; distributing caracter of orchids in whole Indonesian land (Dendrobium crumenatum, Spathoglottis plicata). Endemic orchid ; distributing caracter of orchids in specific places. Phalaenopsis javanica grows in west Java, Cymbidium hartinahianum is found in North Sumatera, Vanda celebica is found in Sulawesi only.

6. TAXONOMY Phyllum: Spermatophyta Class: Angiospermae Subclass: Monocotyledoneae Ordo: Gynandrae Family: Orchidaceae

7. ORCHIDS CARACTERISTIC Foliage shape Flower consist of ; - Sepal - Petal - Column - Labellum Fruits Seeds

8. FIGURE ORCHID SHAPE

9. CARACTERISTIC OF ORCHIDS GROWS Epiphyte; type of plant which grows on another but isn’t a parasite & deriver its own nutrients from the air, rain, etc. Saprophyte; (plant) any organism living on decaying or putrefied matter. Terrestrial; (plant) living & growing on land Lithotrof; type of plant which grows above stone.

10. GROWTH STRUCTURE IN ORCHID Monopodial orchids such as Aerides, Phalaenopsis & Vanda have main stems which grow constantly. Sympodial orchids, such as Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium have a main stem, or pseudobulb, which is produced annually and matures at the end of each growing season, often culminating with flowering.

11. Simpodial orchid Monopodial orchid

12. ORCHIDS GENUS IN INDONESIA Such as; DENDROBIUM, BULBOPYLLUM, COELOGYNE, CYMBIDIUM, GRAMMATOPHYLUM, PHALAENOPSIS, RENANTHERA, VANDA, AERIDES, RYNCOSTYLIS, PAPHIOPEDILUM, ERIA. DENDROBIUM THE GREATES OF GENUS, ABOUT 1800. ABOUT 900 GENUS ARE FOUND IN INDONESIA

13. Aerides odorata About 20 species belong to this genus of monopodial epiphytes. Aerides odorata is variable in colour, from deep pink to pure white.

14. Bulbophyllum biflorum_yellow Over 2000 named species are included in this cosmopolitan genus, with flowers that come in all shapes, sizes and colour. Most of these sympodial plants grow and lithophytes as epiphytes.

15. Cymbidium bicolor Most of the species are terrestrial, with upright flower spikes bearing blooms in many colour. In the lowlands, most cymbidium take to the trees as epiphytes, growing in high light.

16. Dendrobium An amazing diversity of plant habit, flower form & colour is found in this large genus. Quite a number of species produce new plants off the older pseudobulbs. these are called aerials or “keikis” a Hawaiian word which means baby.

17. Phalaenopsis amabilis Most people would be familiar with Phalaenopsis, known as the “Moth Orchids”. Many hybrids have been produced from the 50 or so wild species. Most of these white hybrids have been derived from the magnificent “White Moth Orchid”, Phalaenopsis amabilis.

18. Paphiopedilum The “Slipper Orchids” have long been highly prized in horticulture. Some species are terrestrial, growing through the leaf litter on the forest floor, others are lithophytes which show a preference for limestone cliffs, while a number are epiphytes, & live in the major forks of suitable trees. Most of the species produce a single flower.

19. Vanda tricolor Vanda tricolor is a distinctive common species, found on rocks or trees on the fringes of lowland forest in Java. It has perfumed flowers. Monopodial plants grow and as epiphytes.

20. GROWTH CONDITION Light, humidity, temperature. Kind of orchidsLight absorbtion Arachnis100 Renathera100 Vanda daun40 - 50 Cattleya20 - 30 Dendrobium40 - 50 Phalaenopsis10 - 30 Paphiopedilum daun bintik10 - 30 Paphiopedilum daun hijau 5 - 20 Aerides20 - 40

21. TEMPERATURE Kind of orchids Normal Temperature (°C) Cattleya20 Cymbidium25 Dendrobium25 Paphiopedilum20 Phalaenopsis21 Vanda30

22. GENERATIF PROPAGATION Generatif Pollination parent male female

23. PREPARING INOCULATION CONSIST OF : 1.To provide a prominent seed. 2.To provide bottle, led & autoclve 3.Nutrient and equipment

26. How to inoculate ? a.To sterilize into capurite solution, about 10 minutes. b. To remove into aquadest. c. To inoculate into medium (spread)

27. VEGETATIF PROPAGATION BY TISSUE CULTURE Requirements ; a. Prominent explant b. Appropriate of medium c. Circumtance Tissue culture rooms consist of; a. Preparation room b. Inoculation room c. Incubation room

28. FIGURE INOCULATION ROOM

29. Sterilization To keep expant into 20% clorox solution, about 5 minutes, 10 % clorox solution about 5 minutes and to rinse by aquadest. Inoculation To provide sterile explant with less size and one bud. Incubation and Multiplication Explant is shaked on 100-200 rpm (shaker) in the long periode, room temperature. Subculture Removed explant into new medium.

30. PIGURE INCUBATION ROOM

31. ACCLIMATIZATION

32. VEGETATIF PROPAGATION

33. ORCHIDS PLANTING 1.To remove planlet in community pot (in 9-12 months after innoculation). - Dendrobium seedling better to control of light & humidity. - Each pot contains about up 25 to 30 plants.

34. 2. Terrestrial type using medium composition involve; Sand, soil, brick, manure, compost. 3.Vanda terres, its able to plant into earth. 4. Seedling is planted in large community (pot). 5.Removing explant up community pot to single pot. - How to remove ? - To prepare medium, consist of moss, brick,etc 6.Repotting. Why to repot? - need a larger medium - need much nutrients

35. Figure Single pot Each pot has one plant which plant after about 4-6 months in community pot.

36. PLANTING (in pot) Using in high quality pot. Using stick to strengthen. Using brick, moss, etc. HOW TO PLANT; -To conbine a stick & pot. -To mix medium composition. (brick) less than half pot. -To put plantlet on above medium. -To add moss later.

37. IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT ; Stem can’t be covered by medium. Might be planted monopodial type in centre pot. Different to monopodial, sympodial type need to close part of pot.

38. ORCHID MAINTENANCE Watering; (to note) - Kind of water and pH level (5,6 – 6,0) - Medium, humidity, temperatur, pot type, species of orchids, phase of growth. Fertilizer application How to apply ? -Spread, by watering, spraying.

39. PLANT PROTECTION BY CONTROLING PEST AND DISEASE Pest; acarina, red spider, ant. Insecticide; diazenon, malathion, sumithion 1-3 cc/ liter water. Disease; leaf spot, soft-rot, physiology disease. Fungicide; teresan 3 g/ liter water, captan 2 g/ liter water, cuproxychloride 5 g/ liter water.