1. Vittoria International School, Torino Natural science course From fossil fuels to alternative energy sources Professor Elena V. Tibaldi UTILIZZARE SPAZIO PER INSERIRE FOTO/IMMAGINE DI RIFERIMENTO LEZIONE

2. Why do we need energy? transportation cooking gas electricity house heating

3. Which are the traditional energy sources? Traditional sources Traditional sources: depleted by use widely used at present exhausted in near future coal petroleum (oil) natural gas

4. What is coal? Solid fossil fuel, responsible for the development of Western industrial growth. Coal is used for: production of electricity in thermal power stations production of chemical compounds CO 2 emission upon combustion  environmental pollution

5. What is petroleum? Petroleum is a mixture of different hydrocarbons derived from decomposition of organic matter in anaerobic conditions http://www.crati.it/mostra/pan7/petrolio.htm#

6. http://www.educational.rai.it/corsiformazione/multimediascuola/esperienze/mito_macchina_movimento/ceccan o/lemacchine/petrolio.htm Through fractional distillation, crude oil is boiled and condensed over several fractions to give the desired mixture of compounds natural gas gasoline lubricating oil diesel fuel Crude oil Bitumen, asphalt kerosene fuel oil

7. What is natural gas? Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly methane In its pure form, natural gas is colourless and odourless. Worlwide natural gas reserves www.naturalgas.org For safety reason, mercaptan is added to the gas before delivering

8. Which are the problems related to the use of hydrocarbons? CO 2 production  Environmental pollution Consumption of world reserves  increase of costs Extraction and transportation  environmental disasters

9. Nuclear energy Solar energy Tidal energy Biomass energy Geothermal energy Wind energy Hydro-electric energy Alternative sources Renewable sources

10. Solar energy Hot water production (solar thermal energy) Electricity production (photovoltaic solar energy)

11. Wind energy Conversion of wind energy into electricity by using turbines and generators. kinetic energy electric energy wind farms  groups of wind turbines in the same location

12. Geothermal energy Technological improvements  no geographical limitation Exploiting endogenous heat inside the Earth

13. Hydroelectric energy www.earthsci.org Gravitational force of falling or flowing water Potential energy of dammed water drives a water turbine and a generator

14. Tidal energy Daily rise and fall of tides www.mywindpowersystem.com Saint-Malo, France: 13,5 m gap between low and high tide

15. Nuclear energy Controversial issue: disposal of radioactive waste Fission of uranium Water heating Steam production Production of electricity Thermal energy release www.oncor.com

16. Biomass energy www.ecofriendlymag.com garbage, wood, waste, landfill gases and alcohol fuels heat and electricity conversion technologies

17. In conclusion, in this video we revised the most important traditional energy sources as well as alternative sources of energy. Good bye and good energy to everyone!