1. Energy Systems & Sustainability Freshman Seminar 2013 Mayda M. Velasco Sept. 26, 2013

2. As discussed in 1 st lecture …Growing Population

3. No More Fossil Fuel? Need For New Energy Sources If we continue to burn fossil fuels for energy, they will only last another few hundred years. This means that an energy shortfall could occur within the next fifty years.

4. We need to aim high …or might not be enough like for car emission example discussed in last lecture

5. Big effort, but USA CO 2 emissions has grown just because of large volume

8. Basic Physics true for all energy sources…  Increase efficiency and number of energy sources  Reduce waste

9. So we need to drastically change how these sources are used… Fossil Fuels –Oil –Coal –Natural gas  85% of our current source of energy

10. Oil Flexible fuel source with many derivatives Transportable Finite supply Causes air pollution

12. Coal Abundant Burns dirty Causes acid rain and air pollution –Greenhouse gas problems

13. Natural Gas Burns cleanly Transportable Finite supply Dangerous to handle

14. Nuclear Power (8%) Clean No CO 2 No immediate pollution Problems with waste disposal Safety concerns

15. Other Alternative Sources (7%) Water Power Solar Power Tidal Power Wind Power Geothermal Power Biomass

16. We need to take into account the whole world…

18. OIL producers

19. OIL RESERVES According to Oil and Gas Journal (OGJ), Venezuela had 80.0 billion barrels of proven oil reserves in 2007, the largest amount in South America. In 2006, the country had net oil exports of 2.2 million barrels per day (bbl/d), sixth-largest in the world and the largest in the Western Hemisphere.

20. NATURAL GAS Because many of Nigeria’s fields lack the infrastructure to produce natural gas, it is flared. According to NNPC, Nigeria flares 40 percent of its annual natural gas production, while the World Bank estimates that Nigeria accounts for 12.5 percent of total flared natural gas in the world.

21. How fast we will continue to react depends on reserves versus production versus consumption…

22. The developed countries are not approaching the problem in the same manner…

23. USA & France

24. We need to look at each source in more detailed And you are in charge of that…

25. Coal Nuclear energy Biofuel – Other than Ethanol Ethanol and Natural gas Wind energy Hydroelectric and Geothermal Wave and Tide power Solar energy Batteries