1. Good Golly Miss Moly! Dan Parnell Florida Industrial Pretreatment Association Winter Workshop February 16, 2007

2. Overview In the Beginning Moly Rising Finding Moly Free Moly! Moly Free is the Way to Be

3. Up in Smoke Until 2002 – 5 regional Water Reclamations Facilities (WRF) sent sludge to central incineration facility. Incineration Issues: Air emissions Ashes to the landfill Power consumption

4. Biosolids Facility Commissioned in late 2002 Produces 39 tons of biosolid pellets/day Gravity Belt Thickening Digesters Centrifuge Polymer Methane Nutrient Enhancement

5. Problem Moly Rising 40 CFR 503

6. Problem Moly >75mg/Kg means: Can not be land applied Disposal Costs – averaging $2000/day for hauling/tipping fees Loss of a $40 million dollar investment IP Coordinator beginning to sweat

7. Finding Moly Challenges Moly internal or external? 85 Permitted Industrial Users > 850 square miles of service area

8. Collecting Data 5 Regional Water Reclamation Facilities Inf/eff data Raw sludge/pellets Industrial effluent 85 industrial users (IU) Where to begin? Merck Index/web search

9. Internal or External Source? Mass balance on Moly in raw sludge vs. pellets. Results: Moly (in da raw sludge) = Moly (in da pellets) External Source confirmed. Responsibility: INDUSTRIAL PRETREATMENT IP Coordinator sweating a lot.

10. Finding Moly 82% of Moly from 1 Water Reclamation Facility – Buckman WRF Influent Buckman WRF Moly data highly variable: Batch discharger? WRF sampling results

11. Finding Moly What is Moly?

12. Finding Moly Research Results: Moly used in Cooling tower chemical treatment Petroleum lubricants Catalyst for reactions Corrosion inhibitor

13. Finding Moly Cooling towers are widespread in commercial, industrial, and institutional applications Industrial Uses of Moly: Cooling Towers (CT) How do you quantify Moly loadings from CTs? Data from CT chemical treatment vendors estimated 12.5 lb/day of Moly Ask the vendors that maintain them!

14. Finding Moly winter summer winter summer Industrial Sources: Cooling Towers JEA

15. Finding Moly Cooling Towers – are they the culprit? Lets do a little mass balance to find out! Average Moly removal rate at Buckman WRF: 43% Estimated CT Moly loading: 12.5 lb/day. 12.5 lb/day *.43 = 5.4 lb/day in da pellets from CTs It only takes 5.5 lb/day to reach the ceiling concentration limit! Average WRF Inf. Loading: 21lb/day 12.5 = 21

16. Finding Moly Centralized waste treaters, 2 of ‘em: CWT A – 1.4 lb/day Moly CWT B – 0.7 lb/day Moly Industrial sources of Moly

17. Finding Moly Industrial sources: CWT A Moly spikes due to a single Moly used oil waste stream called “red oil”. Up to 5 lb in a day.

18. Finding Moly Organic chemical manufacturer, 3 of ‘em, but only one used it as a catalyst: 4.5 lbs/day - consistent loading Brewery - This Molys for you! Used in can rinse as a corrosion inhibitor: 0.27 lb/day – consistent loading Other Industrial sources of Moly

19. Finding Moly Total estimated industrial Moly loadings: 19 lb/day. Actual daily average WRF Moly loading: 21 lb/day 19 lb/day ~ 21 lb/day 64% of Moly from CTs Total estimated industrial loadings More Fun w/ Mass Balances!

20. Free Moly! Local limit vs. Pollution Prevention Long process Affects everyone Costly to re-engineer or pretreat for industries Facilities w/ CTs to sample & report for compliance Admin burden on IP to monitor CTs There was an Moly free alternative Substitution: >50% reduction in Moly Minimal impact on customers Minimal effort to implement Moly not an active ingredient in CTs Moly used as a tracer

21. Free Moly! Pollution Prevention: Making the Switch Find & Contact every facility w/ a Cooling Tower =100’s Contact 10 Known Chemical Treatment Vendors Agreed to switch to Moly free - eventually

22. Moly Free is the Way to Be! Industry voluntary efforts: IUs went CT Moly free immediately CWT dropped Moly laden “red oil” Brewery switched to Moly free can rinse Fostering a collaborative relationship really paid off!!

23. Moly Free is the Way to Be! 36% drop in Moly concentrations Pellets return to re-use again – mid Sept.

24. Moly Free is the Way to Be! Current Status: Best Management Practice for Cooling Tower established. Local Limit eventually established. IP Coordinator still sweating. Did not negatively impact customers With Moly out of CTs – plenty to allocate to the few industries that need it But not as much and not over Moly!

25. Moly Free is the Way to Be! Conclusions Returning biosolid pellets to marketable status was achieved through: Conducting data driven root cause analysis. Developing a simple yet effective P2 program. Implementing the program through collaboration w/ chemical vendors & industries.

26. Questions?