1. 6.2 Find Probability Using Permutations

2. Vocabulary n factorial: product of integers from 1 to n, written as n! 0! = 1 Permutation: arrangement of objects where ORDER matters For n objects, it is written as n P n = n! If not all objects are taken at a time (only r taken), it is written as n P r =

3. How many ways can you arrange the letters in MATH? 1 st choice2nd choice3rd choice4th choice 4321 Then, you multiply the options together. 4*3*2*1 is the same as saying 4!.

4. EXAMPLE 1 Count permutations Consider the number of permutations of the letters in the word JULY. a. In how many ways can you arrange all of the letters? SOLUTION a. Use the counting principle to find the number of permutations of the letters in the word JULY. = 24 There are 24 ways you can arrange all of the letters in the word JULY. ANSWER

5. EXAMPLE 1 Count permutations b. When arranging 2 letters of the word JULY, you have 4 choices for the first letter and 3 choices for the second letter. Number of permutations = Choices for 1 st letter Choices for 2 nd letter = 4 3= 12 ANSWER There are 12 ways you can arrange 2 of the letters in the word JULY. b. In how many ways can you arrange 2 of the letters? This is the same as 4 P 2. 4 choices but only 2 taken.

6. GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 1 1. In how many ways can you arrange the letters in the word MOUSE? There are 120 ways you can arrange all the letters in the word MOUSE. ANSWER

7. GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 1 2. In how many ways can you arrange 3 of the letters in the word ORANGE? ANSWER There are 120 ways you can arrange 3 of the letters in the word ORANGE.

8. EXAMPLE 2 Use a permutations formula Your band has written 12 songs and plans to record 9 of them for a CD. In how many ways can you arrange the songs on the CD? CD Recording SOLUTION To find the number of permutations of 9 songs chosen from 12, find 12 P 9. 12 P 9 = 12 ! (12 – 9)! Permutations formula Subtract. = 12! 3!

9. EXAMPLE 2 Use a permutations formula 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3! 3! = Expand factorials. Divide out common factor, 3!. = 79,833,600 Multiply. There are 79,833,600 ways to arrange 9 songs out of 12. ANSWER

10. GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 2 3. Suppose your band has written 15 songs. You will record 9 of them for a CD. In how many ways can you arrange the songs on the CD? There are 1,816,214,400 ways. ANSWER