1. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Disease

2. Some people want to believe that HIV/AIDS is no longer a problem, but . . .
. . . and there is no cure.

3. Differences between HIV and AIDS
human immunodeficiency virus
HIV finds and destroys a type of white blood cell (T cells or CD4 cells) that the immune system must have to fight disease
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
final stage of HIV infection
When someone has one or more specific infections, certain cancers, or a very low number of T cells, he or she is considered to have AIDS.
Electron microscope image of HIV, seen as small spheres on the surface of white blood cells.

4. Transmission of HIV Is NOT transmitted by IS transmitted through
Objects: a toilet seat, drinking fountain, doorknob, dishes, drinking glasses, food, or pets.
Insects such as mosquitoes
Day-to-day activities:
shaking hands
hugging
a casual kiss
sharing eating utensils
Having sex (anal, vaginal, or oral) with someone infected with HIV
Sharing needles and syringes with someone infected with HIV
Being exposed (fetus or infant) to HIV before or during birth or through breastfeeding
HIV can be transmitted through blood infected with HIV.

5. Treatment Treatment can help people at all stages of HIV disease.
Anti-HIV medications can treat HIV infection; they cannot cure HIV infection.
HIV treatment is complicated and must be tailored to individual needs.
HIV positive persons may need to continue taking medications for the rest of their lives.

6. Health Consequences of HIV/AIDS and Pregnancy
Women can pass HIV to their babies.
Without treatment or breastfeeding, 1 in 4 (25%) will be infected.
With treatment, fewer than 2% will be infected.
Women who are or could be pregnant should be tested for HIV.

7. Opportunistic Infections and Complications
Diseases can include:
Cancers, such as Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Other STDs
Other bacterial infections
HIV can make it easier for the person infected to become sick and/or die from other diseases.
Symptoms can include:
Breathing problems
Fever
Weight loss
Change in vision
Diarrhea
Skin rashes and itching

8. Information and Services for Prevention
Information on abstinence and safer sex:
Online (AdvocatesforYouth.org, SIECUS.org, iwannaknow.org, cdc.gov, greaterthan.org,
Texting (BrdsNBz Text Message Warm Line)
BrdsNBz is available to any teen in North Carolina. To use it: Text “NC” to to opt in. You only need to opt in once. Text your question to You’ll get an auto response and then your personalized answer within 24 hours.
Community (NC Division of Public Health and local health departments/clinics)

9. Information and Services for Prevention
Behavior:
Sexual abstinence and avoiding IV drugs are the only CERTAIN ways to not get infected with HIV.
Products:
Condoms: can be purchased at drug stores or the local public health department. Some health departments provide condoms at no cost.
* Latex condoms are highly effective against HIV if used correctly and consistently.

10. HIV Testing Services
Testing for HIV and other STDs is available at the local health department or other community agencies.
Testing is low-cost or free and confidential.
NC has FREE testing sites.

11. To Prevent HIV, Youth Need to Analyze Influences on Their Behavior
Parents
Family members
Friends
Teachers, counselors, medical professionals, mentors
Community resources
Culture
Media

12. The top story on Teen People's first cover sums it up: "Celeb Couples Share Their Love Secrets."
The media often uses sex to attract readers and viewers. Frequently the media dismisses the possible negative consequences of sexual activity.
What references to sex, sexuality, and romance are implied in this cover of Cosmo Girl?

13. To Prevent HIV, Youth Need Communication & Negotiation Skills
Communication of values and expectations
Refusal of unwanted behaviors
Feelings about unwanted pressures
Negotiation of activities consistent with personal values (hopefully that would never be unprotected sex)

14. To Prevent HIV, Youth Need to Develop Goal-Setting, Decision-Making and Problem-Solving
Consider future goals and what it takes to realize one’s dreams
Consider options
Consider barriers and obstacles
Consider support needed to be successful in life

15. Living with HIV/AIDS 1.1 million people in the U.S are living with HIV
More than ½ million Americans have died of AIDS since the first cases were diagnosed in 1981.
Persons living with HIV or AIDS need care and compassion.
HIV/AIDS does not discriminate, neither should we.

16. Worldwide Pandemic
31.3 million adults and 2.1 children are living with HIV
2 million people died of AIDS in 2008

17. What Do Persons Living with HIV Need?
Appropriate medical care
Compassion
Understanding of what does NOT cause HIV
Respect

18. References www.cdc.gov http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/

19. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

20. What is it?
HPV is the most widely spread sexually transmitted disease (STD)
It is caused by a virus, and there are over 40 types of HPV that can infect the genitals

21. How do you get it & what does it do?
HPV is transmitted by intimate skin-to-skin contact
MOST (90%) people’s immune systems clear HPV on their own
This virus can cause genital warts and cancers
Most common cancer: cervical

22. What about testing/treatment?
Testing for genital warts if visible
Testing for cervical cancer: Pap test and pelvic exam for anyone sexually active
Treatment for genital warts: different procedures and medications
Treatment for cervical cancer: highly treatable if caught early
Because HPV is a virus, there is no cure.

23. Prevention Vaccinate Females (ages 9 – 26): Gardasil and Cervarix
Abstain from sexual activity
Avoid intimate sexual skin-to-skin contact
Use condoms correctly and consistently (can reduce but not completely eliminate risk)