1. Sexual Feelings and Relationships
CHAPTER 24
Sexual Feelings and Relationships
Lesson 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS

2. STDs and HIV/AIDS Building Vocabulary
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Building Vocabulary
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Infections that are spread from person to person through sexual contact
A bacterial STD that may affect the reproductive organs, urethra, and anus
chlamydia
Growths or bumps in the genital area caused by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV)
genital warts
A viral STD that produces painful blisters on the genital area
genital herpes
Lesson Home

3. STDs and HIV/AIDS Building Vocabulary
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Building Vocabulary
A bacterial STD that affects the mucous membranes of the body, particularly in the genital area
gonorrhea
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The virus that causes AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
A deadly disease that interferes with the body’s ability to fight infection
Drugs injected directly into the muscle or bloodstream with a needle
injection drugs
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4. STDs and HIV/AIDS Sexually Transmitted Diseases
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can pose serious health threats. Anyone who is sexually active runs the risk of becoming infected.
New Vocabulary
More than 13 million people become infected with STDs each year. About two thirds of these people are teens and young adults.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Infections that are spread from person to person through sexual contact
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5. STDs and HIV/AIDS How STDs Can Hurt
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
How STDs Can Hurt
STDs can damage the reproductive system and cause sterility. They can cause blindness, deafness, heart disease, and brain damage. In females, they may be associated with cervical cancer. Some STDs can even lead to death. A person with an STD needs to see a doctor for treatment right away.
If you fear you have an STD, talk to your parents, guardians, or other trusted adults. Admitting to having done something a parent or other adult will disapprove of may not be easy. However, it is the first step toward getting the treatment you need.
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6. STDs and HIV/AIDS Types of STDs
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Types of STDs
People with STDs may have no obvious symptoms, or signs that a disease is present. They can pass the disease on to a sexual partner without knowing it. Symptoms of some STDs may go away, only to return later. To get treatment for an STD, a person must see a doctor.
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7. STDs and HIV/AIDS Chlamydia
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is often referred to as a “silent” disease because a person can have it and not know that he or she does.
Signs of chlamydia include burning during urination and unusual fluid from the penis or vagina.
If left untreated, chlamydia can seriously damage the reproductive organs in both males and females, leading to infertility.
In females, chlamydia may also lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID is the most common cause of sterility in women. A pregnant woman can also pass chlamydia to an unborn baby. Chlamydia is diagnosed through a lab test. Medicines are available to cure the disease.
New Vocabulary
chlamydia A bacterial STD that may affect the reproductive organs, urethra, and anus
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8. STDs and HIV/AIDS Genital Warts
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Genital Warts
Genital warts often appear as small, hard, painless bumps. If untreated, these can grow into small cauliflower-like clusters.
Scientists have identified more than 100 strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus that causes genital warts. Several of these are high-risk forms that have been linked to cervical and genital cancers. In 2009, two vaccines that prevent many of the cancers caused by HPV were introduced.
An estimated one million Americans are infected each year. The CDC and American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that the vaccines be given to girls and boys aged 11 or 12. Early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important.
New Vocabulary
genital warts Growths or bumps in the genital area caused by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV)
Lesson Home

9. STDs and HIV/AIDS Genital Herpes
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Genital Herpes
Genital herpes is an incurable STD caused by the herpes simplex virus. Signs of herpes are painful, itchy sores and blisters in the genital areas. A burning or tingling sensation may precede these symptoms. Herpes sores usually vanish within two to three weeks, but the symptoms may return.
Genital herpes is transmitted by skin-to-skin contact that can occur without having sexual intercourse. The virus can be transmitted to another person even when the sores are not present.
One-half million new cases occur each year. There is no known cure for genital herpes, but medication can reduce the frequency of outbreaks. The virus, however, remains in the body for life.
New Vocabulary
genital herpes A viral STD that produces painful blisters on the genital area
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10. STDs and HIV/AIDS Trichomoniasis
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is an STD caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. The disease may be silent, but symptoms can include vaginal discharge, discomfort during urination, and irritation or itching in the genital area. Trichomoniasis can be treated and cured with medications.
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11. STDs and HIV/AIDS Gonorrhea
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is an STD caused by bacteria that live mostly in the male’s urethra and the female’s vagina. Historically, the drug penicillin was used to treat gonorrhea. In recent years, however, new types of bacteria have emerged that resist this treatment, so other antibiotics may be needed.
Signs of gonorrhea include a yellowish discharge from the penis or vagina, and burning during urination. Males may additionally experience swollen lymph glands in the groin. Female may experience abnormal menstrual cycles and abdominal pain. Other female complications include PID and problems during pregnancy.
New Vocabulary
gonorrhea A bacterial STD that affects the mucous membranes of the body, particularly in the genital area
Lesson Home

12. STDs and HIV/AIDS Syphilis
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Syphilis
If left untreated, syphilis remains one of the most damaging of all STDs. Symptoms of the first stage include painless sores at the place of infection and swollen lymph glands. In the second stage, the bacteria can cause a severe rash.
In its late stages, the disease can infect the lining of the brain. The disease can cause mental disorders, blindness, heart problems, paralysis, seizures, stroke, and even death. If diagnosed early, syphilis can be treated and cured with antibiotics.
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13. STDs and HIV/AIDS Hepatitis B
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a disease caused by the hepatitis B virus that affects the liver. It can be transmitted by sexual contact or through contaminated needles. A person can also avoid getting Hepatitis B by not sharing personal care items such as razors and toothbrushes.
There is a vaccine available for hepatitis B.
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14. STDs and HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
New Vocabulary
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) The virus that causes AIDS
Once in the blood, HIV breaks down the immune system. The immune system protects the body against infection. During the final stage of infection with HIV, the body cannot fight off diseases.
New Vocabulary
acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) A deadly disease that interferes with the body’s ability to fight infection
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15. STDs and HIV/AIDS How is HIV Spread?
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
How is HIV Spread?
Having any form of sexual intercourse with an infected person
Using a contaminated needle during tattooing, body piercing, or when using illegal drugs.
A female can transmit HIV to her baby during childbirth or through her breast milk.
In the past, people were infected with HIV during blood transfusions. Since 1985, all blood is screened for HIV. The United States blood supply is considered safe. The most effective method for preventing the spread of HIV is to practice abstinence from all risk activities.
Lesson Home

16. STDs and HIV/AIDS How is HIV Not Spread?
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
How is HIV Not Spread?
Touching a person with HIV or AIDS, such as when shaking hands or hugging
Using the same personal items that an infected person has used, such as eating utensils, sports equipment, or the same shower, bathtub, or toilet
Being in the same area as an infected person, including breathing the air near someone who is infected, or swimming in the same pool
Donating blood
Being bitten by a mosquito that has bitten an infected person.
Lesson Home

17. STDs and HIV/AIDS Diagnosis and Treatment
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Diagnosis and Treatment
HIV can be diagnosed with a test that looks for antibodies. In most people, it takes about 25 days for antibodies to develop so that they can be found. However, for some people it may take six months or longer for antibodies to develop.
Scientists continue to work on improved medical treatments for people with HIV and AIDS. With the development of safe and effective drugs, people with HIV are now able to live longer and healthier lives.
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18. STDs and HIV/AIDS Symptoms of HIV/AIDS
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Symptoms of HIV/AIDS
Technically speaking, no one dies of AIDS. Rather, they die of complications related to the disease. These complications include what are known as AIDS-defining opportunistic infections (AIDS-OIs). A person may be infected with HIV for ten years or more before starting to show symptoms of AIDS. A blood test is the only way of knowing if a person is infected with HIV. AIDS can affect males, females, and children.
New Vocabulary
opportunistic infections A disease that attacks a person with a weakened immune system and rarely occurs in a healthy person
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19. STDs and HIV/AIDS Avoiding STDs and HIV/AIDS
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Avoiding STDs and HIV/AIDS
To avoid becoming infected with STDs, teens must choose to abstain from sexual activity. They must also avoid using injection drugs. Sharing a needle with an HIV-infected person brings with it exposure to HIV-infected blood.
About 25 percent of HIV infections occur because of shared needles.
New Vocabulary
injection drugs Drugs injected directly into the muscle or bloodstream with a needle
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20. STDs and HIV/AIDS Responsible Sex
LESSON 5
STDs and HIV/AIDS
BIG IDEA
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are highly communicable infections that are contracted through sexual contact.
Responsible Sex
Practicing responsible adult sex means doing the following:
Talking openly with the other person.
Avoiding having multiple sex partners.
Avoiding having high-risk sex.
Using a latex condom.
Talking openly with the other person. Ask the person about his or her past sexual relationships. (Keep in mind that some people may not be honest about past experiences.) Find out if the person knows about the dangers of STDs and HIV infection. Discuss types of protection you can use to prevent disease.
Avoiding having multiple sex partners. Studies show that people who have more than one sex partner are at a much greater risk of getting STDs or HIV/AIDS. It is wise to seek a relationship with only one person and remain faithful to that person.
Avoiding having high-risk sex. Sexual activity that involves placing the penis in the rectum can cause delicate blood vessels in the rectum to break. This increases the chances of becoming infected with HIV if your partner is infected.
Using a latex condom. When used correctly, this type of contraceptive lessens each partner’s risk of getting an STD or becoming infected with HIV. It does not eliminate altogether the risk of infection.
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