1. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS GIS 2006 Workshop Denver, Colorado Overview of the USGS Plan for Quality Assurance of Digital Aerial Imagery

2. 2 Outline Introduction Background USGS Plan for Quality Assurance of Digital Aerial Imagery Why is this important to you? Do’s and don’ts

3. 3 The major players: Manufacturers Data Providers Procurement officials End-users Introduction

4. 4 Why calibration at USGS? Photogrammetric methods for map generation Map production primarily done in-house Quality assurance measure for aerial photography from aerial contractors Leadership role in standards development Unbiased, independent agency with technical expertise Quality assurance for The National Map Background

5. 5 USGS Camera Calibration History USGS responsible for calibration services for film camera in United States since 1973 USGS operates Optical Sciences Lab (OSL) in Reston, VA with a custom-built calibration instrument Current policy requires current (within 3 years) camera calibration report on file before award of contract The “Catch-22” problem for digital sensors

6. 6 The major players: Manufacturers Data Providers Procurement officials End-users Who are you?

7. 7 Will digital imagery meet my needs? How do I specify it in a RFP? Who can provide what I need and how good are they? What is it going to cost? Is it better, faster, and cheaper? Does the product meet specifications? Accuracy, spatial resolution, spectral resolution Image quality Timeliness Metadata End-User Perspective

8. 8 End-User from a USGS Perspective Image products and services for customers Contracts with Data Providers Occasional procurement of sensor systems Specialized geospatial data for research projects End products for The National Map Virtually no need for products for in-house production

9. 9 USGS Plan for Quality Assurance Four major parts covering two major processes:  Data Production: Manufacturers Certification Data Providers (flyers) Certification  Data Purchasing & Acceptance Contracting Guidelines Data Acceptance Standards Education and training also a major component

10. 10 The USGS Plan Data Procurement: Contracting Guidelines & Boilerplate Tool Data Users and Inspectors: Acceptance Standards Sensor Manufacturers: Manufacturers Certification Data Providers: Data Providers Certification User Needs Data Procurement Domain Data Generation Domain Final Product

11. 11 Manufacturers Certification Aerial Digital Imaging is in its “Wild West” phase  Anything & everything being tried  Some metric-quality systems  Many “other” systems How does the customer know which can produce mapping-quality data? USGS to offer “type certification” of mapping-quality digital aerial sensors  Must be stable, well-quantified, repeatable  Able to routinely generate mapping-quality data When operated properly!

12. 12 Communicates specifications Provides evidence of system performance Independent certification helps to promote sensor systems Supports verification of Data Provider’s system Type certification eliminates burden of calibration for each sensor sold in the United States (1 time vs. n times) Eliminates need for USGS to have custom-built calibration instrument for calibration purposes Benefits of Manufacturers Certification

13. 13 Data Providers Certification Second half of data generation is the flyers/Data Providers’ data processing USGS to provide Data Providers Certification Focused on processes and process control  Ensures that Data Providers are operating sensors in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and limitations  Ensures that Data Providers follow quality procedures Desire to ensure reliability, repeatability, and trust

14. 14 Provides evidence of performance of products Independent certification helps to promote product specifications and Data Provider’s capabilities Documents Data Provider’s quality assurance plan and “best practices” One certification for Data Provider and not for each camera Data Providers no longer have to send cameras to OSL for calibration, reducing down-time and shipping expenses Benefits of Data Providers Certification

15. 15 Contracting Guidelines User community is not sure how to contract for digital imagery  New terms, capabilities, standards, lexicon  Inhibits digital contracting  Addresses boilerplate requiring “USGS Certificate”  Goal is to remove barriers to digital aerial contracts  Encourage digital imaging Created Federal Digital Imagery General Contract Guideline

16. 16 Standardized terms and descriptions make the contracting process easier and more uniform among agencies Guidelines help acceptance of digital sensors and educate end-users on benefits of digital technology Standardized terms and guidelines help contracting officers describe their users needs Standardized performance measures USGS certifications provide a priori acceptance of systems and Data Provider’s “best practices” Manufacturer and Data Providers Certification reduces necessary documentation in the RFP process Benefits of Contracting Guidelines

17. 17 Digital Data Acceptance Standards End-users unsure of how to judge digital aerial data quality  New terms & capabilities (resolution, spectral, etc.)  Each customer understands things differently There is a need for common, uniform definitions and methods for evaluating quality of image data USGS to work with Inter-Agency Digital Image Working Group to develop these standards Goal is a Web-based tool illustrating quality problems, measurement techniques, and standards

18. 18 Data consumers have common standards to evaluate data products More consistent acceptance/rejection criteria among contracting agencies Clearer standards and guidelines helps to eliminate false expectations Ensures high quality products Increases customer satisfaction Benefits of Acceptance Standards

19. 19 Manufacturers Certification Guidelines in work now Up to 4 manufacturers to be certified this fiscal year Two factory visits completed; reports pending Four Data Providers have expressed interest working on the initial round of Data Providers Certification First draft of Federal Digital Imagery General Contract Guidelines completed and reviewed by limited group  A Web-based tool to help generate contracting language is being developed Status

20. 20 USGS Plan for Quality Assurance of Digital Aerial Imagery briefed during ASPRS panel session Overall USGS plan – Finalize and obtain ASPRS approval of the plan - June 06 Schedule

21. 21 Know your requirements and be honest with yourself Leverage resources and requirements with others Understand what advantages the technology offers Use contracting guideline Ask for sample products early in the project Review deliverables Insist on metadata Don’t ask for camera calibration report for digital sensors Do’s and Don’ts

22. 22 Four phases of technology assimilation: Phase 1: Identification and investment Phase 2: Learning and adaptation Phase 3: Rationalization and management control Phase 4: Maturity and widespread acceptance Closing Thought

23. 23 To implement a comprehensive, meaningful process that ensures the quality of data products and services To cooperatively develop the plan with all elements of the geospatial community Good for one is good for all To establish a model to support new technologies Summary

24. 24 IADIWG Web site at: http://calval.cr.usgs.gov/http://calval.cr.usgs.gov/ For more information

25. 25 Contact: Gregory L. Stensaas Remote Sensing Systems Characterization Manager USGS EROS Data Center 47914 252nd Street Sioux Falls, SD 57198 605-594-2569 stensaas@usgs.gov For issues or comments

26. 26 Questions or comments? The USGS Plan