1. Awareness of Stress and Stress Management – Unit 448

2. Learning Objectives By the end of this session you will:
Identify and describe the symptoms of stress
Describe how stress changes behaviour
List and describe the short-term effects of stress
List and describe the long-term effects of stress
List and describe a range of stress management techniques
Identify support services available to help with stress management

3. We Need Stress
If a tightrope walker walked on a wire that was not under stress - slack - the tightrope walker would fall. The same is true of ourselves, everyone needs a certain amount of stress or pressure to live well. It's what gets you out of bed in the morning and motivates you throughout the day.
"Wonderland Walker 5" by kevint3141 (Kevin T) - Licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons

4. What is Stress?
Stress is a survival mechanism. When your brain perceives danger it goes into emergency mode to get you out of trouble quickly. All your body’s resources go into getting you moving so that you can fight or run.

5. Physical Response to Stress
Stress causes a surge of hormones in your body:
Muscles tense to prepare to fight or run
Pupils dilate so you can see better
Increased breathing oxygenates the extra blood
Blood flow to the brain lets you think
Heart rate increases to pump more blood to your muscles
Adrenaline gives you strength and agility

6. Ongoing Stress
The body's response to stress usually regulates itself. As your hormone levels fall, your heart and blood pressure will return to normal. Stress that is too intense or prolonged, causes your body to release stress hormones over a long period. This increases the risk of a range of physical health problems.

7. Definitions of Stress
Stress is the body's reaction to any change that requires an adjustment or response.
A state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances.

8. Respiratory System
Adrenaline and cortisol cause the heart to beat faster and breathing to become shallow.
In the short term this can cause:
Hyperventilation
Dizziness
Fainting
In the long term this could lead to asthma or emphysema.

9. Immune System
In the short term stress stimulates the immune system to help you stave off infection and heal wounds.
Over time, cortisol compromises your immune system worsening allergies and autoimmune diseases and making it harder to tackle:
Virus infections
Fungus infections
Bacteria
Cancer cells .

10. Digestive System
Blood flow to the digestive system is decreased. Gastric juices, saliva production reduce and digestion reduce. Adrenaline and cortisol make you feel hungry and your liver produces extra sugar (glucose).

11. Digestive System Short term symptoms include:
Upset stomach or butterflies
Dry mouth
Nausea and vomiting
Heartburn and acid reflux
Bowel problems
Long term symptoms include:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Ulcers
Diabetes

12. Cardiovascular System
The short term effects of continued increased heart rate are:
Sweating and blushing
High blood pressure
Palpitations
The long term effects are:
Heart attack
Stroke

13. Muscular System
Under stress, your muscles tense up to protect themselves from injury. Tight muscles cause:
Headaches
Back and shoulder pain
Migraines
Over time, you may stop exercising or turn to pain medication, setting off an unhealthy cycle.

14. Reproductive System The short term effects include: Loss of desire
Irregular menstrual cycle
Long term effects include:
Erectile dysfunction
Infertility

15. Mental Health In the short term you may: Have intense emotions
Be unable to make decisions
Have difficulty remembering
Have insomnia
In the long term there is a
link between stress and social withdrawal,
anxiety, depression and Alzheimer’s disease.

16. Causes of Stress
Stress is not the same for everybody, nor does everyone experience stress in the same way. Stress is different for each and every one of us. What is stressful for one person may or may not be stressful for another. Each of us responds to stress in an entirely different way.

17. Awareness of Stress and Stress Management – Unit 448