1. A.D. 1619-1700

2.  Pilgrim:  Separatist:  Puritan:  Dissenter:

3.  Pilgrim: One who wanders about without a permanent home, usually seeking a heavenly home.

4.  Separatist: Those who separate themselves from something because of a disagreement

5.  Pilgrim: One who wanders about without a permanent home, usually seeking a heavenly home.  Separatist: Those who separates themselves from something because of a disagreement  Puritan: English beneficiaries of the Protestant Reformation doctrines and ways; sought to purify the Church of England

6.  Pilgrim: One who wanders about without a permanent home, usually seeking a heavenly home  Separatist: Those who separate themselves from something because of a disagreement  Puritan: English beneficiaries of the Protestant Reformation doctrines and ways; sought to purify the Church of England  Dissenter: One who rebels from or rejects an accepted norm or custom

7.  Beginning in England—Rejected the teachings of and separated from the Church of England  Religious Persecution  Moved to Holland to escape—Holland offered greater measure of religious tolerance  Second Generation began to lose their “British-ness”  Back to England hoping to find a better environment  Disappointment

8.  Martin Luther: The Bondage of the Will  John Calvin: Institutes of the Christian Religion  Teachings of Bible and an emphasis on predestination and the need for conversion

9.  Seeking Religious Freedom  The Mayflower Compact…  People to Know:  William Bradford (Governor)  Myles Standish (Captain of the Mayflower)  King Charles I: Dismissed Parliament and appointed…  Archbishop Laud: the anti-puritan  Puritans: Leave England because of threats

10.  Motivated by Charles I and Archbishop Laud  Parliament has been dismissed  England was under firm control of the king and the church (Laud)  1630s the “Great Migration” of puritans to N. America brings 20,000 to MA.  Puritans known for:  Intellectual power  Strong conviction and piety

11.  Known for:  Intellectual Power  Strong conviction and piety  Industry and hard work: Puritan Work Ethic  Vision of the “city on a hill”  Caricature: Dour and Judgmental (ex. TheCrucible, The Scarlet Letter) The Massachusetts Bay colony quickly grew and became the leader of the British colonies in N. America.

12.  Government was not a democracy—not a good form of government (0pinion of John Winthrop)  Only full-fledged church members (puritans) were voters in the society  Government was elected to enforce God’s laws  Church was supported by colonial government

13.  Powerful preachers and interrogations for church membership  Congregational form of church government  Hard work and worldly living  Challenges:  Quakers  Anne Hutchinson  Roger Williams  Rhode Island…First Baptist Church; complete freedom of religion

14.  Indian populations prior to 1620…decimated by disease (Columbian Exchange)  Friendship at first  First Thanksgiving in 1621 with Massasoit and the Wampanoags  Pequot War in 1637  Metacom and the Pan-Indian alliance  1675—King Philip’s War…tragic defeat to New England’s Indians and slowed the westward expansion into the CT valley

15.  Colonies included: Plymouth, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Haven  Formed the New England Confederation (first attempt at union) to ward off the Indians, and French and Dutch colonizers  English Civil Wars (1642-1649)—a time of royal neglect of the colonies  colonial strength

16.  New Amsterdam (later New York), settled by the Dutch became an important financial (fur trade) and cultural center  Quakers (dissenters, belief in the inner light, pacifists) were not welcomed in MA and thus were forced to start their own colony— Pennsylvania (named after William Penn, a Quaker himself)

17.  New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware  Fertile Soil  Plenty of water—rivers, lakes, streams  Main Industries:  Fur  Grain (“bread colonies”)  Milling and manufacturing because of water power