1. Chapter 13: Food, Soil Conservation, and Pest Management January – February 2012 “We are nine meals away from anarchy.” Lord Cameron of Dillington

2. ‘Food’ for Thought 1.What do humans need to live? 2.What do people take into their bodies from the environment to help them survive? 3.Why do we need air, water, and food to survive?

3. An essential element… 1.is required for an organism to complete its life cycle; 2.cannot be replaced by another element; 3.is directly involved in the organism’s metabolism; and 4.is required by many different organisms. Adapted from Arnon, D. & Stout, P. (1939). The essentiality of certain elements in minute quantity for plants with special reference to copper. Plant Physiology, 14(3), 599-602.

5. Elements Essential for Human Growth

6. Food Security “Today we produce more than enough food to meet the basic nutritional needs of every person on the earth.”

7. Food Security “…every person in a given area has daily access to enough nutritious food to have an active and healthy life.” Impediments to national food security –Poverty –War and corruption –Harmful environmental effects of agriculture –Climate change

8. Nutrition To maintain good health, people require macronutrients and micronutrients in their diet. Chronic undernutrition (hunger): people cannot grow or buy enough food to meet their basic energy needs Malnutrition: people who consume a diet deficient in protein, calories, and/or other key nutrients Usually a low protein, high carbohydrate, vegetarian diet Affects 1 in 6 people in developing countries – mostly children

9. Nutrition Micronutrient deficiency: Underconsumption of even small amounts of nutrients with necessary health benefits or essential functions in the body 1 in 3 suffer from vitamin or mineral deficiency Vitamin A – increased susceptibility to childhood diseases/ blindness Iron – anemia, fatigue, infection, increases likelihood women die in childbirth Iodine – goiter, proper metabolism

10. Famine “ a severe shortage of food in an area accompanied by mass starvation, many deaths, economic chaos, and social disruption.” Causes –Crop failures –Drought –Flooding –War –Other natural disasters Sudan famine, 2000

11. Overnutrition “…occurs when food energy intake exceeds energy use and causes excess body fat.” Consequences of overnutrition –Greater incidence of disease and illness –Lower life expectancy –Reduced quality of life –Disproportionate expenditure of capital 93% of Americans fall into this category

12. Growing Food 1.Do plants need food? 2. Do you think that plants require the same essential elements as humans?

13. Elements Essential for Plant Growth

14. Elements Essential for Plant & Animal Growth

15. Sources of Essential Nutrients Essential NutrientAirWaterSoil Boron (B) Calcium (Ca) Carbon (C) Chlorine (Cl) Copper (Cu) Hydrogen (H) Iron (Fe) Magnesium (Mg) Manganese (Mn) Molybdenum (Mo) Nickel (Ni) Nitrogen (N) Oxygen (O) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Sulfur (S) Zinc (Zn)

16. Sources of Essential Nutrients Essential NutrientAirWaterSoil Boron (B) S Calcium (Ca) S Carbon (C) AS Chlorine (Cl) S Copper (Cu) S Hydrogen (H) AWS Iron (Fe) S Magnesium (Mg) S Manganese (Mn) S Molybdenum (Mo) S Nickel (Ni) S Nitrogen (N) S Oxygen (O) AWS Phosphorus (P) S Potassium (K) S Sulfur (S) S Zinc (Zn) S

17. Essential Element Summary Plants get their essential elements (nutrients) from three sources –Water: hydrogen and oxygen –Air: hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon –Soil: All essential elements Farmers need to know which essential elements are found in the soil and how much of each is present.

18. Homework Due – January 24 Read pp.67-70 in text Research the N-P-K rating on fertilizers. What is it? What essential elements are involved? Why are these important to plants? Submit paragraph in MLA format to drop box. LAB Wednesday! Goggles and aprons REQUIRED