1. WARM UP 2/24 Page 245/246 in book – WRITE THE definition given in this warm up and then look up the answer  Abnormal contraction; different fibers contract at different times 2. Contraction in which the tension stays the same, but muscle shortens 3. Contraction that is continual and partial; muscle tone 4. Abnormal uncoordinated contraction of muscle groups 5. Contraction in which length stays the same, but tension increases 6. Quick, jerky contraction

2. NOTES Ch 8 3/15 Muscular system problems

3. ATROPHY - muscle wastes away; shrinks CAUSE: not being used EX: bed rest, cast, injury

4. STRAIN - Tear in a muscle CAUSE: excessive use, pulled to hard (swells due to blood from broken blood vessels) HELP: place ice to stop swelling – constricts vessels

5. MUSCLE CRAMPS Sudden, involuntary muscle contractions CAUSE: Change in K and Na From abnormal nerve activity, dehydration, not stretching, exercising too long, HELP: apply pressure with hands or stand on, heat compress, drink liquids (gatorade)

6. FASCICULATION (twitch) Abnormal nerve activity Jump under skin From : stress, caffeine, decrease in sleep

7. TENDINITIS Inflammation of the tendons (attaching muscles to bones) CAUSE - injury, activity, exercising, repetitive movement

8. SHIN SPLINTS Tendon under the tibia gets inflammed or torn away from bone Causes pain when walking; sore CAUSE: running on hard surfaces, walking long periods of time, jumping HELP: ice, massage, taping ankle

9. TORN LIGAMENTS ACL – in the knee; holding knee together ROTATOR CUP – in shoulder; holding

10. HERNIA - organ protrude through a weak muscle CAUSED: from increase in pressure in the body a. Inguinal – groin area (common in males) (intestines through) b. Abdominal (stomach through ab. muscle; intestines through stomach) c. Hiatal – stomach pushes through diaphragm

12. Tetanus is the result of an infection that affects the muscles and nerves. It is usually due to a contaminated wound. Tetanus often begins with muscle spasms in the jaw (also called trismus or lockjaw), together with difficulty in swallowing, and stiffness or pain in muscles of the neck, shoulder, or back. Spasms soon spread to muscles of the abdomen, upper arms, and thighs. TETANUS

14. TRICHINOSIS - infection in the muscles due to worms -diarrhea, weakness, muscle pain CAUSE – eating undercooked pork – larvae multiply in body and grow in the muscle perimysium 1.5 million people/ year get

15. Cycle - eat larva - eat larva - mature in intestinal tract - mature in intestinal tract - mate and produce eggs - mate and produce eggs - go into muscle - go into muscle - 1.5 million people get it a year - 1.5 million people get it a year

18. BOTULISM - prevents release of ACh - caused by bacteria - Improper canning or storage; improper cooking - Double vision, bright, blurred speech, inability to walk/stand, nausea, vomitting - * big problem is respiratory

20. Botulism as a weapon Botulinum toxin was first developed as a biological weapon over 60 years ago; it can be aerosolised, or used to contaminate food, 8 8

21. MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY Genetic disease; muscle cells deteriorate Many types! Most common: DUCHENNE - birth normal - 2-6 yr muscle cells die; weak - 9-11 yr cannot walk anymore - 13-20 die

22. CONTORTIONIST Extreme muscle flexibility (born with)

31. AGE and MUSCLES - decrease muscle fibers - Decrease weight - Decrease strength (by 50% by age 80) - Exercise helps kept muscle fibers strong

32. ASSIGNMENT: Read about STERIODS - what they are - what they are used for - side effects - what they do to women - what they do to men ASSIGNMENT: You are a marketing coordinator and have been given the task of making a brochure that for a high schools that will tell about physical therapy as a career. Read and make this brochure with at least 10 important facts in it. Front must be a cover page.