1. Scalp Care, Shampooing, & Conditioning
Chapter 15
Scalp Care, Shampooing, & Conditioning 1

2. Learning Objectives
Identify the two most basic requirements for scalp care.
Demonstrate a scalp massage during a shampoo service.
Examine the differences and similarities of treating scalp and hair that are dry, oily, and/or affected by dandruff.
Describe how hair brushing contributes to a healthy scalp.
(continues) 2

3. Learning Objectives (continued)
Evaluate the uses and benefits of the various types of shampoo.
Evaluate the uses and benefits of the various types of conditioners.
Demonstrate the appropriate draping for a basic shampooing and conditioning, and draping for a chemical service.
Identify the three-part procedure of a hair care service and explain why it is useful.
WHY STUDY SCALP CARE, SHAMPOOING, AND CONDITIONING?
The shampoo service is the first opportunity to reinforce your position as a professional who attends to the specific, individual needs of your client.
You will be able to examine, identify, and address hair and scalp conditions that do not require a physician’s care and be able to refer clients to a physician if a more serious issue is identified.
A general knowledge of product category choices will assist you in determining the best preparation for other services to be performed.
A successful home-care regimen recommendation will keep your work looking its best for all to see. 3

4. Introduction The shampoo service:
Encompasses three different processes: scalp care and massage, shampooing, and conditioning.
Can and should be a soothing, pleasurable experience that sets the mood for the entire visit.
Is an opportunity to provide the client with quality relaxation time that is free from the stresses of the day.
Is nurturing and, when done well, add great benefits to the hair for styling.
INTRODUCTION
One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is the shampoo. Making this a pleasurable and memorable experience can have a great impact on building your reputation as a stylist and building loyalty and repeat business for your salon. The shampoo service:
Encompasses three different processes: scalp care and massage, shampooing, and conditioning.
Can and should be a soothing, pleasurable experience that sets the mood for the entire visit.
Is an opportunity to provide the client with quality relaxation time that is free from the stresses of the day.
Is nurturing and, when done well, add great benefits to the hair for styling. 4

5. LESSON ACTIVITY 1
Ask students to close their eyes for a moment and to think back to the last professional shampoo they had: Was it in school or at a salon?
Now, ask them to open their eyes and list at least five words that describe the experience.
Ask for volunteers and discuss their answers in class. 5

6. Safely and Effectively use Massage in Scalp Care
The two basic requirements for a healthy scalp are cleanliness and stimulation.
The massage is a method of manipulating the scalp by rubbing, tapping, kneading, or stroking it with the hands.
Before performing a shampoo service that includes a scalp massage, complete a client intake or health screening form.
During the consultation, discuss any contraindications for scalp massage with your client.
SAFELY AND EFFECTIVELY USE MASSAGE IN SCALP CARE
The two basic requirements for a healthy scalp are cleanliness and stimulation.
The massage is a method of manipulating the scalp by rubbing, tapping, kneading, or stroking it with the hands. It can provide beneficial qualities such as increasing blood circulation and calming tension.
Before performing a shampoo service that includes a scalp massage, complete a client intake or health screening form. During the consultation, acknowledge and discuss any medical condition your client listed that may produce undesirable side effects for a scalp massage.
Ask the client if they have discussed massage with their physician.
Massage is not recommended for clients with severe, uncontrolled hypertension.
During the consultation, discuss any contraindications for scalp massage with your client.
(continues) 6

7. Safely and Effectively use Massage in Scalp Care (continued)
Before shampoo: If scalp condition is present.
Should be given with a continuous, even motion.
During shampoo: Once conditioner has been applied for relaxation.
Relaxation vs. treatment: Depends on products used.
Scalp Massage Procedure
SAFELY AND EFFECTIVELY USE MASSAGE IN SCALP CARE (continued)
Scalp Massage
Should be given with a continuous, even motion
Before Shampoo
If scalp condition is present
During Shampoo
Once conditioner has been applied for relaxation
Relaxation vs. Treatment
The only difference between relaxation and treatment results from the products used.
Scalp Massage Procedure
See Procedure 15–7, Scalp Massage, found on page 352 of Milady Standard Cosmetology. 7

8. Normal Hair and Scalp Treatment
Purpose – to maintain scalp and hair in a clean and healthy condition.
Perform treatment only after full hair and scalp examination.
NORMAL HAIR AND SCALP TREATMENT
Purpose
To maintain scalp and hair in a clean and healthy condition.
Examine scalp
Perform treatment only after a full hair and scalp examination. 8

9. Dry Hair and Scalp Treatment
Used if natural oil is deficient.
Use treatment products that contain moisturizing and emollient ingredients.
Avoid strong soaps, greasy preparations, lotions with high alcohol content.
Use a scalp steamer.
DRY HAIR AND SCALP TREATMENT
Used when there is a deficiency of natural oil on the scalp and hair.
Treatment products: These contain moisturizing and emollient ingredients. Avoid strong soaps, greasy preparations, and lotions with high alcohol content. Use a scalp steamer. 9

10. Oily Hair and Scalp Treatment
Caused by overactive sebaceous glands.
The purpose of treatment is to reduce any hardened sebum that has been collected in the pores of the scalp.
OILY HAIR AND SCALP TREATMENT
Caused by overactive sebaceous glands
These glands are sometimes active due to genetics but can also be aggravated by over-exertion, misuse and layering of heavy products and physical changes in the body.
Purpose: The purpose of the treatment is to reduce any hardened sebum that has been collected in the pores of the scalp. 10

11. Antidandruff Treatment
Caused by a fungus called malassezia.
The purpose of treatment is to suppress the growth of malassezia and loosen scalp scales.
ANTIDANDRUFF TREATMENT
Cause: A fungus called malassezia
Purpose: To suppress the growth of malassezia and loosen scalp scales
Infrared Lamp: May be used with massage to help to penetrate the product into the hair shaft and scalp while keeping the scalp warm and moist enough to loosen and lift the agitated cells that should be removed from the scalp during the rinse and potential post shampoo process. 11

12. Learn the Benefits of Proper Hair Brushing
Correct brushing:
Stimulates the blood circulation of the scalp
Helps remove dust, dirt, and hair-spray buildup
Gives added shine
LEARN THE BENEFITS OF PROPER HAIR BRUSHING
Correct brushing stimulates the blood circulation of the scalp and helps remove dust, dirt, and hairspray buildup and gives added shine.
A thorough hair bushing should be included prior to the start every shampoo.
You should always begin brushing the hair from the ends first, and then work up toward the scalp.
You can then freely brush the hair to rid of all tangles. This allows a proper detangling procedure without adding additional friction or stress to the hair.
Combing the hair with a wide-toothed comb is generally suggested for wet hair detangling post the shampoo process. 12

13. Hair Brushing Exceptions
Avoid if scalp is irritated.
Prior to chemical service.
Prior to or after haircolor procedures.
Prior to or after bleach lightening or highlighting services.
HAIR BRUSHING EXCEPTIONS
Avoid if scalp is irritated
Prior to chemical service
Prior to or after haircolor procedures—If shampooing is recommended, shampoo very gently.
Prior to or after bleach lightening or highlighting services—Follow manufacturer directions. 13

14. Hairbrushes
Natural bristles – most highly recommended to clean and add luster to the hair.
Nylon bristles – shiny, smooth, and more suitable for hairstyling.
Hair Brushing Procedure
HAIRBRUSHES
Use brushes with natural bristles that have tiny overlapping layers or scales that clean and add luster to hair. Hairbrushes with nylon bristles are shiny and smooth and are more suitable for hairstyling.
Paddle brushes with rubber interior bristles and plastic vent brushes are also widely used especially when detangling wet hair.
Hair Brushing Procedure
See Procedure 15–3, Hair Brushing, found on page 345 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.

15. LESSON ACTIVITY 2
Pair students up and have them properly brush one another’s hair.
The student who is having his or her hair brushed must give the other student feedback on how the brushing feels—if it’s too strong or weak, if the brush bristles are scratchy, etc. 15

16. Provide a Proper and Effective Shampoo Service
The purpose of the shampoo service is to cleanse the hair and scalp prior to receiving a service providing a great canvas for styling and ongoing hair care.
PROVIDE A PROPER AND EFFECTIVE SHAMPOO SERVICE
Purpose: To cleanse the hair and scalp prior to receiving a service.
Provides a good opportunity to make sure that the hair and scalp are properly cleansed and nourished, providing a great canvas for styling and ongoing hair care. 16

17. Scalp Analysis Dry, dehydrated hair Open wounds or scalp irritations
Thinning of the hair
Excessive hair in sink
Dry, tight scalp
Oily scalp
Abnormal flaking on scalp
Open wounds or scalp irritations
Scalp disorders or disease
Tick or lice infestation
Basic Shampoo and Conditioning Procedure
SCALP ANALYSIS
Always check for these conditions:
Dry, dehydrated hair
Thinning of the hair
Excessive shedding of the hair
Dry, tight scalp
Oily scalp
Abnormal flaking on scalp: If present, immediately direct the client to a professional physician and do not continue with the service
Open wounds or irritation: If present, immediately direct the client to a professional physician and do not continue with the service.
Scalp disorders or diseases: If present, immediately direct the client to a professional physician and do not continue with the service.
Tick or lice infestation: If present, immediately direct the client to a professional physician and do not continue with the service.
Basic Shampoo and Conditioning Procedure
See Procedure 15–6, Basic Shampooing and Conditioning, found on page 348 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.

18. Selecting the Proper Shampoo
As a professional, you must become skilled at selecting shampoos that support the health of the hair, whether the hair is natural, color-treated, fine and limp, or coarse and wiry.
SELECTING THE PROPER SHAMPOO
Become skilled at selecting shampoos that support the health of the hair, whether natural, color-treated, fine and limp, or coarse and wiry.
The scalp and hair need to be cleansed regularly to combat the accumulation of oils and perspiration that mix with the natural scales and dirt to create a breeding ground for disease-producing bacteria.
Hair should only be shampooed as often as necessary. Excessive shampooing strips the hair of its protective oil (sebum) that, in small amounts, seals and protects the hair’s cuticle. As a general rule, oily hair needs to be shampooed more often than normal or dry hair.

19. Shampoo Selection Considerations
Hair type – dry; oily; normal; chemically treated
Hair condition – overprocessed; chemically treated; damaged by harsh products, improper care, or exposure to elements
Home maintenance
SHAMPOO SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS
Hair type
Dry, oily, normal, or chemically treated
Hair condition
Keep in mind that some clients have multiple hair conditions and may need products to address various concerns. It is not uncommon to find shampoo products marketed to balance many concerns or to neutralize conditions.
Home maintenance
Inappropriate products used at home can diminish the quality service you have provided. 19

20. The pH Scale (continues) 20 THE pH SCALE
The amount of hydrogen in a solution is measured on a logarithmic scale ranging from 0 to 14.
Acid – 0 to 6.9 pH
Neutral – 7.0
Alkaline – 7.1 to 14
The higher the alkalinity, the stronger and harsher the shampoo, which can leave the hair dry and brittle.
(continues) 20

21. LESSON ACTIVITY 3
Have students obtain some of the commonly used products in the school and read their labels to determine the pH of that product.
Then have the students take a sample of each product and test the pH value.
Ask them to make a list of the products and their pH, and then discuss with the class what the pH reading means in terms of how the product will affect the hair. 21

22. The Chemistry of Water Purification Soft water Hard water
Sedimentation
Filtration
Chlorine added
Boiling
Distillation
Soft water
Hard water
Water temperature
THE CHEMISTRY OF WATER
Water is the universal solvent, meaning it is capable of dissolving more substances than any other solvent.
Purification: Fresh water from lakes and streams must be purified for domestic use.
Sedimentation: A treatment that causes matter to sink to the bottom.
Filtration: Passing through a porous substance, such as filter paper or charcoal. The process removes suspended clay, sand, and organic material.
Chlorine added: Small amounts are added to kill bacteria.
Boiling: It boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit or 100 degrees Celsius. Boiling destroys microbes.
Distillation: This is the process of heating water so it becomes a vapor, then condensing the vapor so that it collects as a liquid. This process is used frequently in the manufacture of cosmetics.
Soft water: Rain water or chemically softened water; it contains small amounts of minerals and allows soap and shampoo to lather freely.
Hard water: Hard water contains minerals that lessen the ability of soap or shampoo to lather readily. It can be softened by a chemical process.
Water temperature: Always remember to monitor the temperature and pressure of the water before and during the professional service. Warmer, tepid water is adequate for rinsing shampoo and chemical product and cooler water works well to close the cuticle post services, helping to add shine and vibrancy to the hair. 22

23. LESSON ACTIVITY 4
Ask students to share their experiences with hard and soft water.
For example, ask them if they have ever taken a shower in extremely softened water.
Perhaps they have experienced that feeling of never being able to get the soap off or the shampoo out of their hair.
Or conversely, maybe they have showered in water so hard they couldn’t seem to get it to lather at all. 23

24. The Chemistry of Shampoo
Water
Deionized water
Surfactant molecule (surface active agent)
Hydrophilic end
Lipophilic end
THE CHEMISTRY OF SHAMPOO
An understanding of the chemical and botanical ingredients used in shampoos will help you prescribe the best product for your clients.
Water
Water is the main ingredient in most shampoos. Generally it is not just plain water, but purified or deionized water, water that has had impurities, such as calcium and magnesium and other metal ions that would make a product unstable, removed.
Water is usually the first ingredient listed, which indicates that the shampoo contains more water than anything else. From there on, ingredients are listed in descending order, according to the percentage of each ingredient in the shampoo.
Surfactants
Surfactant and detergent are synonymous, meaning a cleansing or “surface active” agent.
Hydrophilic end: This is the “head” end of a shampoo molecule and is “water-attracting.”
Lipophilic end: This is the “tail” end of a shampoo molecule and is “oil-attracting.”
Since both ends are working during a shampoo, a push-pull effect is created that causes the oils, dirt, and deposits to form little balls that can be lifted off in the water and rinsed from the hair.
(continues) 24

25. The Chemistry of Shampoo (continued)1 2
Oil
Grease
Dirt 3 4
THE CHEMISTRY OF SHAMPOO (continued)
To determine which shampoo will leave your client’s hair in the best condition for the intended service, you need to understand the chemical and botanical ingredients regularly found in shampoos. Many shampoos have ingredients in common. It is often the small differences in formulation that make one shampoo better than another for a particular hair texture or condition.
Image 1: The tail of the shampoo molecule is attracted to oil and dirt.
Image 2: Shampoo causes oils to roll up into small globules.
Image 3: The heads of the shampoo molecules attach to water molecules. Figure 15-5
Image 4: Thorough rinsing washes away debris and excess shampoo. Figure 15-6 25

26. Types of Shampoos pH-balanced Conditioning Medicated Clarifying
Balancing
Strengthening
Dry or powder
Sulfate-free
TYPES OF SHAMPOO
The list of ingredients is your key to determining which shampoo will leave a client’s hair shiny and manageable, which will treat a scalp or hair condition, and which will prepare the hair for a chemical treatment.
pH-balanced shampoo is balanced to the pH of skin and hair (4.5 to 5.5).
Conditioning shampoos, also known as or moisturizing shampoo, are designed to make hair smooth and shiny, improve manageability, and avoid damage to chemically treated hair.
Medicated shampoo contains special ingredients that are very effective in reducing dandruff or relieve scalp conditions. Some require a prescription.
Clarifying shampoo contains an active chelating agent that binds to metals (such as iron and copper) and removes them from the hair, as well as an equalizing agent that enriches hair, helps retain moisture, and makes hair more manageable.
Balancing shampoo will washes away excess oiliness while keeping hair from drying out.
Strengthening shampoo contains a variety of strengthening and nourishing ingredients and is designed to repair damaged and brittle hair.
Dry shampoo, also known as powder shampoo, cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water. Powder picks up dirt and oils as you brush or comb through the hair.
Sulfate-free shampoo sometimes called soap-free shampoo, is formulated with little to no alkaline soap base.
(continues) 26

27. Types of Shampoos (continued)
Thinning hair
Neutralizing
Color-enhancing
Keratin protein added
Hairpieces and wigs
TYPES OF SHAMPOO (continued)
Shampoos for thinning hair usually contain volume-boosting ingredients that give the illusion of additional volume and density to the hair.
Neutralizing shampoo is designed to re-balance the pH level of your hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in the hair.
Color-enhancing shampoo is created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigment. It is similar to temporary rinses and is removed with plain shampooing. It is used to brighten, to add some slight color, and to eliminate unwanted color tones.
Shampoos with keratin protein added is designed to help strengthen the hair as it cleanses. It is manufactured with artificial protein molecules added to the shampoo base to cling to the natural protein in the hair.
Prepared wig-cleaning solution is available for these hair enhancements (for more information on wigs and their care, see Chapter 19, Wigs and Hair Additions). 27

28. Shampooing Clients with Special Needs
Clients with disabilities or those who are wheelchair-bound will usually tell you how they prefer to be shampooed.
The same goes for clients with other special needs. Always ask about their preferences and make their comfort and safety a priority.
SHAMPOOING CLIENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Clients with disabilities or those who are wheelchair-bound will usually tell you how they prefer to be shampooed.
Sometimes a client will arrive in the salon with their hair freshly shampooed from home, and other times a dry shampoo is appropriate.
The same goes for clients with other special needs. Always ask about their preferences and make their comfort and safety a priority. 28

29. Recommend and Use Conditioners
Deposit protein or moisturizer
Restore strength and give body
Protect against breakage
Types
Cleansing
Rinse-out
Treatment or repair
Leave-in
RECOMMEND AND USE CONDITIONERS
Conditioners are special chemical agents applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer, to help restore its strength and give it body, or to protect against possible breakage.
Conditioner Types 
Cleansing conditioners offer gentle cleansing while providing extra nourishment for your hair.
They are usually are free of harmful detergents and contain less irritating surfactants.
This type of cleanser doesn’t typically remove all of the natural oils and clean hair without feeling stripped.
Rinse-out conditioner, also called finishing or cream rinses, are worked through the hair for detangling.
Treatment or repair are deep, penetrating conditioners that restore protein and moisture; sometimes require longer processing time or the application of heat.
Leave-in conditioners are applied and not rinsed out. 29

30. LESSON ACTIVITY 5
Have students pair up and evaluate their partner’s hair to determine and recommend the appropriate type of conditioning needed.
Then have them discuss with the class what their recommendation is and why they have chosen it. 30

31. Formulation Silicone and moisture-binding humectants
Protein conditioners
FORMULATION
Silicone and moisture-binding humectants
These substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture.
Protein conditioners
Products designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within to temporarily reconstruct the hair. Moisturizing conditioners also contain humectants that attract moisture from the air and are absorbed into the cortex. 31

32. Other Conditioning Agents
Spray-on thermal protectors
Scalp conditioners
Medicated scalp lotions
Scalp astringent lotions
OTHER CONDITIONING AGENTS
Spray-on thermal protector is applied to hair prior to any thermal service to protect the hair from the harmful effects of blow drying, thermal irons, or electric rollers.
Scalp conditioner, usually found in a cream base, is used to soften and improve the health of the scalp. It contains moisturizing and emollient ingredients.
Medicated scalp lotion is a conditioner that promotes healing of the scalp.
Scalp astringent lotion removes oil accumulation from the scalp and is used after a scalp treatment and before styling. 32

33. Deep-Conditioning Treatment
Also known as mask or conditioning pack.
Mixtures of concentrated protein in a heavy cream base of a moisturizer.
Penetrate the cuticle layer.
Used when an equal degree of moisturizing and protein is required.
DEEP CONDITIONING TREATMENTS
Also known as hair masks or conditioning pack
Chemical mixtures of concentrated protein in a heavy cream base of a moisturizer.
They penetrate several cuticle layers and are chosen when an equal degree of moisturizing and protein treatment is required. 33

34. Use Professional Draping
Client must be properly draped for each service.
Shampoo (wet) draping
Two terry towels used, one under cape and one over
Replaced with neck strip and cape
USE PROFESSIONAL DRAPING
The client must be appropriately draped for each service. There are two types of draping that are used in the salon.
Shampoo Draping:
Sometimes called wet draping
Used when a client is in the salon for a shampoo and styling or a shampoo and haircutting service.
Procedure: Turn client’s collar inward if applicable.
Two terry cloth towels are used to protect the client from getting wet: one under the plastic shampoo cape and one over the cape. When shampooing, make sure to position the cape on the outside of the shampoo chair.
Once the shampoo service is completed and before the haircutting or hairstyling service begins, the terry cloth towels are removed and replaced with a paper neck strip, and the plastic cape is replaced with a haircutting or styling cape. The neck strip is less bulky and will allow a natural fall to the hair for more precision while cutting.
The dry haircutting cape is more comfortable for the client and will allow the hair to move more freely.
See Procedure 15-4, Draping for a Basic Shampooing and Conditioning, found on page 346 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
(continues) 34

35. Use Professional Draping (continued)
Chemical-service draping
Two terry towels used, one under cape and one over, which remain during service.
USE PROFESSIONAL DRAPING (continued)
Chemical service draping
Used for clients who will have a chemical service or treatment, such as a haircoloring, permanent wave, and chemical hair relaxing.
Procedure: In a chemical drape, turn client’s collar inward if applicable or offer a smock as not to damage clothing.
The client is draped with two terry cloth towels, one under the cape and one over the cape.
The towels and cape, however, remain as a part of the drape until the service is completed and are regularly checked for dryness and replaced by the stylist if needed to ensure the comfort of the client.
See Procedure 15-5, Draping for a Chemical Service, found on page 347 of Milady Standard Cosmetology. 35

36. Benefits of the Three-Part Procedure
Pre-service – preparation
Service – practical service on client
Post-service – caring for client after service and clean-up
UNDERSTAND THE BENEFITS OF THE THREE-PART PROCEDURE
For better organization, all hair care procedures should be broken into three individual parts: pre-service, actual service, and post-service.
Part One: Pre-Service Procedure
The pre-service procedure is an organized, step-by-step plan for the cleaning and disinfecting of your tools, implements, and materials; for setting up your station; and for meeting, greeting, and escorting your client to your service area. See Procedure 15–1, Pre-Service Procedure, found on page 340 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
Part Two: Service Procedure
The service procedure is an organized, step-by-step plan for accomplishing the actual service the client has requested such as a shampoo, haircut, haircoloring, or chemical service.
Part Three: Post-Service Procedure
The post-service procedure is an organized, step-by-step plan for caring for your client after the procedure has been completed. It details helping your client through the scheduling and payment process of the salon and provides information for you on how to prepare for the next client. See Procedure 15–2, Post-Service Procedure, found on page 343 of Milady Standard Cosmetology. 36

37. Summary and Review Cleanliness is the key to attractive hair.
As a cosmetology professional, you will need to be able to analyze hair type and hair products to determine the best shampoo, conditioner, and/or treatment for your client.
Always follow the manufacturer’s directions when using any product, including shampoos.
SUMMARY AND REVIEW
• Cleanliness is the key to attractive hair.
• As a cosmetology professional, you will need to be able to analyze hair type and hair products to determine the best shampoo, conditioner, and/or treatment for your client.
• Always follow the manufacturer’s directions when using any product, including shampoos.
(continues)

38. Summary and Review (continued)
Remember to always make the most effective use of the opportunity provided when shampooing a client. It’s an opportunity for you to put clients at ease and make them feel comfortable about the service they are about to receive.
SUMMARY AND REVIEW (continued)
• Remember to always make the most effective use of the opportunity provided when shampooing a client. It’s an opportunity for you to put clients at ease and make them feel comfortable about the service they are about to receive.

39. Chapter Review Questions
What are the two most important requirements for a healthy scalp?
How should scalp and hair that are dry, oily, or have dandruff be treated?
CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What are two important requirements for a healthy scalp?
Answer: Two important requirements for a healthy scalp are cleanliness and stimulation.
2. How should scalp and hair that are dry, oily, or have dandruff be treated?
Answer: For dry hair and scalp, apply products containing moisturizing and emollient ingredients directly to the scalp. A scalp steamer or hood dryer can also be used to relax the client and help the penetration of the product into the hair.
For oily hair and scalp, a scalp manipulation prior to the shampoo can help to increase blood circulation and also help loosen any sebum buildup that may have hardened on the scalp. A deep cleansing shampoo post the scalp manipulation is recommended to thoroughly remove any access buildup from the hair and scalp. Since dandruff is the result of a fungus, antidandruff shampoos, conditioners, and topical lotions that contain antifungal agents should be used to control dandruff by suppressing the growth of the fungus. Moisturizing salon treatments may also be used to soften and loosen scalp scales that may stick to the scalp and cause further concern.
(continues) 39

40. Chapter Review Questions (continued)
What are the benefits of scalp massage?
Why is hair brushing important for maintaining a healthy scalp and hair?
What shampoo is recommended most to address dandruff? To address product buildup? On hair that is damaged?
CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS (continued)
3. What are the benefits of scalp massage?
Answer: Scalp massage helps to:
Relax the client.
Keep the scalp in a healthy condition.
Increase natural oil production on the scalp if a client has a dry scalp.
Increase blood circulation and remove any hardened sebum in the pores of the scalp to help normalize the production of sebum in an oily scalp.
4. Why is hair brushing important to maintaining a healthy scalp and hair?
Answer: Hair brushing is important for maintaining the health of the scalp and hair because it stimulates blood circulation; helps remove tangles; and helps to remove, dust, dirt, and product buildup.
5. What shampoo is recommended most to address dandruff? To address product buildup? On hair that is damaged?
Answer: The shampoo most recommended to address dandruff is a medicated or antidandruff shampoo that contains an antifungal agent. The shampoo most recommended for product buildup is a deep cleansing or clarifying shampoo. The shampoo most suggested for damaged hair is a strengthening, moisturizing, or moisture protein balanced shampoo.
(continues) 40

41. Chapter Review Questions (continued)
6. What is the action of conditioner on hair? 7. List and describe two types of professional draping? At what point in the service do you remove or replace the towels and cape used for each?
CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS (continued)
6. What is the action of conditioner on the hair?
Answer: Conditioners deposit protein or moisturizers to help restore the hair’s strength, infuse moisture, give it body, and protect it against possible breakage.
7. List and describe two types of professional draping. At what point in the service do you remove or replace the towels and cape used for each?
Answer:
Shampoo draping, sometimes called a wet draping. A shampoo draping is used when a client is in the salon for a shampoo and styling or a shampoo and haircutting service. Once the shampoo service is completed and before the haircutting or hairstyling service begins, the terry cloth towels are removed and replaced with a paper neck strip, and the plastic cape is replaced with a haircutting or styling cape.
Chemical service draping-A chemical draping is used for clients who will have a chemical service or treatment, such as a haircoloring, permanent wave, and chemical hair relaxing. The towels and cape remain as a part of the drape until the service is completed and are regularly checked for dryness and replaced by the stylist if needed to ensure the comfort of the client.
(continues) 41

42. Chapter Review Questions (continued)
8. Describe the benefits of using the Three-Part Procedure and list the parts.
CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS (continued)
8. Describe the benefits of using the Three-Part Procedure and list the parts.
Answer:
The Three-Part Procedure will make it easier to keep track of what you are doing, to remain organized, and to give consistent service. The Three-Part Procedure consists of the following parts:
1) Pre-service
2) Actual service
3) Post-service 42