1. Herbs
Nicolette Setola

2. What is a herb? Herbaceous Plant Forms fleshy, not woody stem
Herb is the leafy part of the plant
Herbs include trees, shrubs, ferns, mosses, algae, fungi, vines, annuals, biennials, and perennials
Know for variety of uses: medicinal, culinary, fragrance, ornamental and industrial
About 60 types

3. Where is the Aroma from?
Herbs maintain their pungent aroma and fragrance from its chemicals
Examples: essential oils, alkaloids, acids, steroids, tannins, saponins
Different extractions are used to obtain a specific chemical

4. How to extract chemicals?
Drying & Freeze Dry
Pressing
Crushing – mortar and pestle
Infusions - hot teas
Decoctions - boiled teas
Tinctures - alcohol and water extracts
Macerations - cold-soaking
Methods Vary depending on solubility
Medicinally solubility determines where it can be distributed
Example: Tea can be used to treat anti-inflammatory and tincture used to treat bacteria infections.

5. What are the 4 different categories?
Aromatic: Oils used for aroma and fragrance in perfumes. Lavender has a pungent smell and Chamomile a more gentle aroma.
Medicinal: Used for centuries as preventatives and help cure ailments . Mint help relive stomach ache and feverfew for headaches and rheumatism prevention.
Culinary: Used to add flavor acting like a spice. Rosemary adds a minty but sweet flavor and Thyme adds a clover flavor but a little more subtle.
Ornamental: Dried herbs used for presentation in rooms, fresh herbs used for presentation of dishes or presentation in gardening. Violet and lemon balm.

6. What is the History of Herbs?
Egyptians
Ebers Papyrus, an Egyptian Medical Document
Found by Georg Ebers, a German Egyptologist in 1874
Contains a 800 medicinal herbs including medicine, cosmetics, aromatics, cooking, fumigating, and embalming.
Ebers Papyrus dates back to about 1700 B.C.

7. What is the History of Herbs?
Chinese and Indian
2500 B.C. when Ayurveda was discovered.
Treats to balance and create harmony in mental and physical health
Ayurveda:
- "the knowledge of how to live" stresses a balanced lifestyle of exercise, dieting, and clear mental and psychological health.

8. What is the History of Herbs?
Greeks
Hippocrates then studied the three ancient civilizations
Categorized herbs into four groups hot, cold, dry and damp.
Focused on balancing exercise and diet to maintain health
B.C.
Dioscorides said to be doctor to Cleopatra and Antony or surgeon during reign of Nero
Wrote De Materia Medica, used as a reference for 1,500 years.
Focused on experimenting with herbs for medicinal purposes
60 A.D

9. What is the History of Herbs?
Rome
Greeks brought over in 100 B.C.
Galen A.D. disliked Hippocrates views of the body healing itself
Four Humors: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.
-Used in Unani medicine and Muslim world

10. Web Sites www.cedarknollfarm.com/Culinary%20Herbs.htm