2. Biotechnolog y Nutritional Science Science & Public Health Pathogens and Disease Technologies Medical Technologies 50 40 30 20 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50

3. Medical Technologies 10 Points What is an assistive device? Answer: Any medical device that improves treatment or condition of life, helps a patient live, or allows normal life.

4. Medical Technologies 20 Points What is the equation for calculating BMI? Answer: BMI= Weight (Kg) Height² (m²)

5. Medical Technologies 30 Points What are the 3 parts of a feedback loop and what are their functions? Answer: 1)Sensor/Monitor- It indicates change in vital signs 2) Control Center- Recognizes change and issues a response 3)Regulator- Restores vital signs to normal range

6. Medical Technologies 40 Points What are the 4 types of prosthetic limbs and what do they replace? Answer: 1)Transtibial - replaces leg below knee 2)Transfemoral - replaces leg above knee 3)Transradial - replaces arm below elbow 4)Transhumeral – replaces arm above elbow

7. Medical Technologies 50 Points What are the 5 areas of plastic surgery? Answer: 1)Skin Grafting 2)Reconstructive Surgery 3)Microsurgery 4)Cosmetic Surgery 5)Body Modification

8. Pathogens and Disease 10 Points What is the difference between a preventative measure and a reactionary measure? Answer: Preventative Measure: proactive; thwarts a pathogen from making us ill (ex. Flu Shot) Reactionary Measure: kills a pathogen that is already doing damage.

9. Pathogens and Disease 20 Points What is the difference between an antibiotic and a vaccine? Answer: Antibiotic: reactionary measure; treats bacterial infections already in our body. Vaccine: preventative measure; usually a dead or weakened versions of a virus to help our bodies build up immunity.

10. Pathogens and Disease 30 Points What is the Germ Theory? Answer: Illness is caused by pathogens (microscopic organisms called germs) mainly contagious. Not all diseases are “germs”, some are genetic and/or caused by mutations

11. Pathogens and Disease 40 Points What is the Miasma Theory? Answer: “Bad air”, poisonous vapour filled with particles from garbage caused ilnesses. Physicians and the rich wore masks that contained fragrant herbs so they could not smell the “bad air.” The solution was to isolate the sick, dirty and poor

12. Pathogens and Disease 50 Points If you were in a room with several people, what are four ways a pathogen can be transmitted? Answer: 1)Airborne: pathogens in the air that we breathe in. 2)Droplet Contact: pathogens that travel through the air by cough or sneeze. 3)Direct Contact: an infected person with signs of infection touches someone that isn’t infected. 4)Indirect Contact: an infected person touches a surface and leaves the pathogens there.

13. Science and Public Health 10 Points What are the two characteristics of public health? Answer: 1)Deals with preventative rather than reactionary measures. 2)Deals with population-level health issues, not individual level ones.

14. Science and Public Health 20 Points What is AIDS and what does it stand for? Answer: AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. It reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and allows opportunistic pathogens to take over the body

15. Science and Public Health 30 Points What are the three components of public health? Answer: 1)Epidemiology: studying the factors that affect a population’s health 2)Biostatistics: The collection, summarization and analysis of health data. 3)Health Services: The preservation of health through the service of health data.

16. Science and Public Health 40 Points What is C.difficile? Answer: Clostridium difficile is a bacteria that becomes a problem when it overpopulates our intestines and drives other helpful bacteria out. Over population is harmful because they release toxins that can cause bloating, constipation and diarrhea.

17. Science and Public Health 50 Points What are the social and economic factors that affect public health? Answer: 1)Income 2)Employment and Working Conditions 3)Food Security 4)Early Childhood Development 5)Education and Literacy 6)Social Support and Connectedness 7)Health Behaviours

18. Nutritional Science 10 Points What is a calorie? Answer: A calorie was originally used as a unit of heat of chemical reactions but is now more used for calculating food energy.

19. Nutritional Science 20 Points What is the difference between a vitamin and mineral? Answer: Vitamin - organic compound required for use as a nutrient by an organism Mineral – an ion of an element that the human body requires in its diet.

20. Nutritional Science 30 Points Identify the three types of digestive disorders and give an example of each. Answer: Structural – physical abnormality (ex. Hiatus Hernia) Malabsorptive – problems with nutrient absorption (ex. Lactose Intolerance) Inflammatory – causes swelling and/or bleeding (ex. Crohn’s Disease)

21. Nutritional Science 40 Points What are the four stages of food processing? Answer: 1)Ingestion – Taking in food 2)Digestion – Breaking down food into nutrients 3)Absorption – Taking in nutrition by cells 4)Egestion – removing leftover waste

22. Nutritional Science 50 Points What are the steps of the digestive system? Answer: 1)Mouth – physically breaks down food. 2)Throat – pushes food into stomach by peristalsis. 3)Stomach – chemically breaks down food. 4)Small Intestine – majority of nutrient absorption. 5)Large Intestine – absorbs water from waste material. 6)Rectum – all leftover waste is compacted and excreted through the anus.

23. Biotechnology 10 Points What is a GMO? Answer: A GMO is a genetically modified organism. They are modified to be given traits that they wouldn’t have naturally.

24. Biotechnology 20 Points Identify and give an example of biofuel Answer: Biofuel is a plant derived fuel that is deemed more environmentally friendly than current fuel sources. Ex. Ethanol, biodiesel and biogas

25. Biotechnology 30 Points What are the three different types of cloning? Answer: Therapeutic Cloning – the use of stem cells for medicinal or research purposes Reproductive Cloning – the use of stem cells to create cloned humans Replacement Cloning – repairing extensively damaged, failed or failing body parts through cloning (theoretical)

26. Biotechnology 40 Points What are the five branches of biotechnology Answer: 1)Bioinformatics – uses biology and computing to analyze data 2)Red Biotechnology – medical biotechnology 3)Blue Biotechnology – marine and aquatic biotechnology 4)Green Biotechnology – agricultural biotechnology 5)White Biotechnology – industrial biotechnology

27. Biotechnology 50 Points What are the reasons we genetically modify foods? Answer: 1)Extended Shelf Life 2)Efficient Food Processing 3)Better Nutrient Composition 4)Efficient Drug Delivery