2. Teaching Creativity in High School: From an integrative perspective Jiannong Shi, Xiaojun Qu Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science shijn@psych.ac.cn http://cngifted.psych.ac.cn International Conference on Creativity and Education

3. Issues about creativity zKnowledge or experience and creativity zIntelligence and creativity zMotivation (intrinsic vs extrinsic) and creativity zFamily background and creativity zSchooling and creativity zCulture and creativity zNatured or nurtured

4. zWhat is creativity? yCreativity is the generation of ideas that are both novel and valuable. (Boden) yA creative idea is one that is both original and appropriate for the situation in which it occurs.(Martindale) yCreativity from a Western perspective can be defined as the ability to produce work that is novel and appropriate. (Lubart)

5. Two Defining Features of Creativity (Mayer, 1999)

6. Creativity is not the sole feature of a product zPerson who create the product zProcedure during which the product is created zEnvironment which press the pressure on the person and has feedback on the product zand the product itself

7. Conception of creativity Creativity is a manifestation of one's intellectual activity. It is the ability of an individual to re-construct and combine the components of existing knowledge and experience in a special way to develop a new production. Creativity is combined with creative attitude, creative behavior, and creative production. The core is creative behavior which includes creative thinking, creative habits, and creative activities. Creativity can be influenced by the environment in which one lives. The degree of the influence mainly depends on one’s personality.

8. Creative products Creative thinking Creative habits Creative actions Intellectual potential Knowledge & experiences Attitudes or trends Non-intelligence personalities Family economic conditions Social environment Educational level Heredity Creative behavior The System of Creativity

9. Creativity and intelligence current Intellectualpotential Attitude about task Target task Activities evaluated Non-target task Activities not evaluated Control switch Factors may make effects intrinsic or extrinsic

10. Creativity in an integrative system Creativity development Power system Curiosity, Interest, Motivation, Creative attitudes, etc. Resource system Domain knowledge, skills, Methods, Tools or equipment, etc. Support system Notion & form of education, Pattern of management, Encouraging system, and opportunities, etc.

11. Creativity Originality Value Function of product Evaluated by society Communicate with others Seeking helps helps Expressoneself Different from others Try new things Risk taking Looking for challenge Do what others not dare to do Know the old Collaboration Comparing & finding problems Seekinginformation Enough physical energy Psychological mode Medical care & nutrition Physicalexercise Having experience in society, in nature Value of world, of life, & of oneself Design of creativity education in schools (Shi, 2000) Cognitive aspects Non-cognitive aspects Socialization Communication collaboration

12. Cognitive Aspects zBreaking the set of thinking styles zCritical thinking training zDivergent thinking training yflexibility, originality, fluency etc. xexample

13. Non-cognitive Aspects zChallenge oneself ztask commitment, passion zmotivation & motives y curiosity, drive for exploration & knowledge etc. zopenness for experiences, open learning y Input & Output the information with different sense modality

14. Communication and collaboration skills zExpressing oneself zMaking speech zDebating zActing zTeam-building