1. MT5: Theories of Motivation
By: Adriana Lopez, Angela Pabon, Janelly Perez

2. Essential Questions
What are the differences between Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation?
What drives one to progress in school and progress within the work place (in life)?
How are these motivations different between the different age groups?

3. What is motivation? Motivation is
an internal state that arouses, directs, and maintains behavior
A desire to fulfill a personal need
Internal mechanisms that arouse and direct a persons behavior
Direction of ones effort

4. Extrinsic Motivation Motivation created by external factors.
Rewards
Punishments
Consequences
Not interested in the activity for its own sake, but instead for possible gains.

5. Intrinsic Motivation
Associated with seeking out and conquering challenges in pursuit of personal interests and the exercise of capabilities.
Examples:
Activities that are their own reward
Enjoyment of a task or the sense of accomplishment that it brings

6. Media Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation

7. What drives one to progress in the work place or at school?

8. When applied to student learning…
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Eager to learn
Enjoy learning
Welcome challenges
Process information effectively
Reluctant to engage in learning tasks
Dislike learning
Avoid challenges
Process information superficially

9. How motivation affects students in their education:
Directs behavior toward goals
Increases effort and energy expended
Commencement in activities is sooner
Increases persistence in activities
Enhances thought processes
Determines what consequences are reinforcing
Leads to improved performance

10. Motivation Hygiene Theory (Frederick Herzberg)
Frederick Herzberg concluded
Salary, fringe benefits, and working conditions (hygiene factors aka extrinsic motivation)
Prevent dissatisfaction however don’t motivate a worker
*Theory helped to focus on the importance of the intrinsic aspects*

11. Example
Adrianna has a job where she is paid well and where they offer stable working conditions
However, she is not motivated because intrinsic factors only contribute to satisfaction not motivation
Things that would motivate her would be
Recognition
Love for what she does
Achievement/Growth

12. Cognitive Evaluation Theory
Edward Deci and his colleges determined
Under certain conditions extrinsic rewards could decrease a persons intrinsic motivation
If people believe that rewards provide positive information about their own accomplishments intrinsic motivation increases
However, if they interpret the rewards as external control, intrinsic motivation decreases

13. Example Angela enjoys reading books
If she was asked to read books to elementary children (knowing she loves working with children) for her grade in her Careers and Ed class her intrinsic motivation would still increase although there is an extrinsic factor
However, if she didn’t like children but enjoyed reading, her intrinsic motivation would decrease because she is being forced to associate with children for her grade

14. The Overjustification Effect (Attribution Theory)
Intrinsic motivation may be decreased by extrinsic incentives
Rewarding people leads them to favor their behavior to the extrinsic reward rather than to their intrinsic interest in the activity
*Intrinsic motivation is lower than if there were no extrinsic reward*

15. Example: Angela enjoys writing
If her friends offer to pay her to write essays for them
Her intrinsic motivation would decrease only because Angela is focusing on getting paid for writing rather than writing out of joy

16. The Expectancy Value Theory
Motivation is governed by two things
Expectancy of success
Point of view and value someone has towards success
Value of goal
In terms of costs in pursuing goal
Everyone has a need for achievement
But in different amounts
Combination of task value and expectation for success

17. Example:
If Janelly studies for her Physiology test, she has less time to participate in her other activities such as ASB.
Thus…
if cost is too high, a person may avoid an activity
In this case, she would avoid studying for the Physiology EOT in order to be able to engage in her ASB activity.

18. How are the two types of motivation different between age groups?

19. Children
Children are motivated extrinsically rather than focusing on their own effort
However, a child does seek approval from teachers and peers so they won’t looked upon negatively
They are influenced by their environment
At this age..
Intrinsic motivation is difficult to teach/learn
Achievement rises faster with extrinsic rewards

20. Teens The significance of extrinsic motivation is still there
However, we begin to develop needs for intrinsic motivation/rewards
The environment and their self esteem contributes to how a teen succeeds
Because teens still have their own self actualization needs

21. Adults High Intrinsic motivation is more likely found in adults
External rewards can be offered but this may decrease their intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation occurs when there is a serious fundamental need(s)

22. Work Cited http://www.psychologyandsociety.com/motivation.html