1. EGS1003: Section on International Environmental Justice and the Climate Change Challenge Mary Lawhon (marylawhon@gmail.com)marylawhon@gmail.com This work by Mary Lawhon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

2. “Green” (Resource conservation) natural landscapes, conservation/preservation, parks “Brown” (Health and welfare) issues of human health, sanitation, pollution impacts Increasing overlap and recognition of interrelationships

3. 60,000 years ago, use of fire to clear forests 2700 BC laws protecting forests in Mediterranean 256 BC India, certain animals which are “neither useful nor edible” were protected by the king 1500 BC Central American cities collapse in part because of soil erosion (EHT, Undated)

4. Resource depletion leads to switch from wood to coal in much of Europe Correlation between jobs and health problems noted Killer fogs kill thousands in London Much regulation in industrialising nations over the following decades Improvements in public health, sanitation and awareness

5. OR Preservation (Muir) AUTUMN FOREST PATH © Zgarte Dreamstime Wise Use (Pinchot) HUT WITH LOGS© Manfredxy, Dreamstime

6. National Parks 1872 US Yellowstone National Park 1925 “first” African national park in DRC 1927 Kruger National Park AFRICAN SUNSET © Gert very Dreamstime

7. Different aims expression of nationalism growing leisure class protect megafauna landscape control over land ELEPHANT 1 © David Bate Dreamstime

8.  1962: Rachel Carson, Silent Spring brings together green and brown  1968: Paul Erlich- The Population Bomb  1968: Garrett Hardin- Tragedy of the Commons  1972: Limits to Growth

9.  1973: Chipko Movement in India  1977: Kenyan Greenbelt Movement

10.  1969 Friends of the Earth  1971 Greenpeace  1979 Earth First  1988 Earthlife Africa 1970 First Earth Day

11.  1967 Sweden National Environmental Protection Agency  1970 US NEPA  1972 India first national environmental agency in “developing” country  1972: UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, creates United Nations Environment Programme But environmental problems continue…

12. Structural Adjustment formulated by IFIs -> Resource extraction, environmental costs 1984: Bhopal, India chemical accident 1986: Chernobyl nuclear accident 1987: Exxon Valdez oil spill

13. Our Common Future (Brundtland Report) Controversy over needs of “developing” vs “developed” nations Sustainable Development enters environmental terminology United Church of Christ’s Commission for Racial Justice Leads to concept of environmental justice

14. 1972: Stockholm Conference on Human Environment 1992: Rio Earth Summit 2002: Johannesburg, World Summit on Sustainable Development

15. Environmental History Timeline (EHT). Undated. Online. Available at: http://www.environmentalhistory.org/. [Accessed 20 Jan 2006].