1. Renaissance Spreads North

2. I.As the Renaissance spreads north, Northern artists adapt Italian Renaissance ideals in their own way.

3. Spread of Renaissance to Northern Europe

4. 1.Hundred Year’s War—end’s 1453, allowing people to focus on subjects other then war.

5. 2.Printing Press— invented around 1440 by Johann Gutenberg

6. It decreased the price of books so middle-class people could buy them

7. a.The idea for the printing press was culturally diffused from Chinese block printing.

9. Block Printing Movable Type

11. b. Allowed news ideas to spread very quickly—leads to cultural diffusion

12. c.Encouraged people to learn Increased literacy and decreased the cost of books

13. d. 1 st book published = Complete Bible Gutenberg Bible

14. 3.Authors began writing in the vernacular, meaning local or spoken languages, rather then Latin, allowing the common man to read

16. II.Northern Artists— focused on the individual and everyday life

17. 1. Pieter Bruegel and Jan Van Eyck—painted pictures about common people and their everyday life ex. weddings, dances, harvest, festivals

18. The Peasant Wedding—Pieter Bruegel

19. The Beggars—Pieter Bruegel

20. The Peasant Dance—Pieter Bruegel

21. The Harvesters—Pieter Bruegel

22. The Crucifixion by Jan van Eyck The Last Judgment by Jan van Eyck

23. Detail: The Last Judgment

24. The Triumph of Death—Pieter Bruegel

25. III.Northern Writers: 1. Desiderius Erasmus— The Praise of Folly —1509— poked fun at society, including the church

26. a. Strongly Christian— said people should study the Bible

27. 2. Thomas More: Utopia— 1515—story about imaginary land inhabited by peace loving people

28. 3. Niccolo Machiavelli —The Prince -advises rulers on how to gain and maintain power

29. a. Tells rulers that they should use whatever methods are necessary to ensure their success “The end justifies the means.”

30. b. Machiavelli’s writing demonstrate the Renaissance interest in worldly rather than only spiritual things.

31. 3. William Shakespeare: revealed the souls of men and women through scenes of dramatic conflict

32. IV. End of Renaissance—By 1600’s, new artistic styles and ideas appear 1. Renaissance ideals continue to influence European thought

33. 2. Belief in dignity of individual played a key role in democratic ideals