1. NUTRIENTS

2. NUTRIENTS Found in the food that we eat
Provides energy in the form of CALORIES
There are six major types of nutrients:
CARBOHYDRATES
FATS
PROTEINS
VITAMINS
MINERALS
WATER

3. CARBOHYDRATES The body’s main source of energy
Found mainly in food from plant sources such as fruit, vegetables and grains
There are two groups of carbohydrates:
COMPLEX carbohydrates
SIMPLE carbohydrates

4. SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES Otherwise known as sugars
Composed of one or two rings of carbon
FRUCTOSE: found in fruit
MALTOSE: found in grains
LACTOSE: found in milk
GLUCOSE

5. SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES MONOSACCHARIDES: made up of ONE sugar
Example: Glucose or Fructose
DISACCHARIDES: made up of TWO sugars
Example: Sucrose

6. COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES
There are two kinds:
STARCH
FIBRE
POLYSACCHARIDES: made up of MANY sugars
Both are found in legumes, potatoes, corn and grains

7. FIBRE Doesn’t provide energy
There are two kinds of fibre, SOLUBLE and INSOLUBLE
SOLUBLE fibre: dissolves in water
Increases the thickness of stomach content
Found in fruits, vegetables, legumes and oats
INSOLUBLE fibre: will not dissolve in water
Absorbs water and adds bulk
Helps to move food along the large intestine to promote regular bowel movements

8. PROTEINS Help the body grow Repairs worn-out or damaged parts
Regulate important biological processes
Example: Fighting diseases
Can also be used for energy
Found in skin, muscles, bones, hair etc.
Found in all foods from animal sources but can also be found in legumes, nuts and grains

9. PROTEINS Composed of chemical building blocks called AMINO ACIDS
There are 22 amino acids
9 are ESSENTIAL amino acids since they MUST come from the food we eat

10. AMINO ACIDS Amino acids are held together by a PEPTIDE BOND
Proteins can also be referred to as POLYPEPTIDES
All amino acids have an AMINO group, a CARBOXYL group and a HYDROGEN

11. PROTEINS COMPLETE proteins: supply all 9 essential amino acids
Example: fish, poultry milk and soy products
INCOMPLETE proteins: lack one or more essential amino acid
Example: foods from plant sources

12. FATS Promotes normal cell growth
Carries vitamins A, D, E, and K to where they are needed
Fat stored in the body provide a reserve supply of energy
Acts as a cushion to protect vital organs such as your liver or your heart

13. FAT STRUCTURE
Found in foods such as animal fat, butter or vegetable oils
A fat molecule is composed of two parts:
A GLYCEROL head
FATTY ACID CHAIN tail

14. FAT SATURATED fat: has only SINGLE BONDS in the fatty acid chain
UNSATURATED fat: has at least one DOUBLE BOND in the fatty acid chain
POLYUNSATURATED fat: has many double bond in the fatty acid chain

15. VITAMINS There are 13 different types of vitamins
There are two major groups:
WATER SOLUBLE: dissolve in water
Example: Vitamins C and B
FAT SOLUBLE: absorbed and transported by fat
Example: Vitamins A, D, E, and K

16. VITAMINS
VITAMIN B: helps the body release energy from carbohydrates, proteins and fats
VITAMIN C: helps to maintain a healthy immune system
FOLATE: helps to prevent birth defects
VITAMIN A: helps you see normally at night
VITAMIN D: helps you body to use calcium and phosphorus
VITAMIN K: necessary for blood to clot normally

17. MINERALS Become part of the body; such as bones and teeth
Used to make substances that your body needs
There are three groups of minerals:
MAJOR MINERALS
ELECTROLYTES
TRACE MINERALS

18. MAJOR MINERALS Needed in large amounts
CALCIUM: builds and maintains bones
PHOSPHORUS: builds body cells and tissues
MAGNESIUM: helps nerves and muscles work properly

19. TRACE MINERALS Needed in very small amounts
IRON: helps carry oxygen to the cells
ZINC: helps your body heal wounds
FLUORIDE: helps to strengthen teeth

20. ELECTROLYTE
Specific minerals that work together to maintain the body’s fluid balance
POTASSIUM: maintains the heartbeat
CHLORIDE: helps transmit nerve signals
SODIUM: helps to regulate blood pressure

21. WATER Makes up 50 to 60 percent of the body
Plays a role in many chemical reactions in the body
Helps the body get rid of waste
The body uses 2 to 3 litres a day