1. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e1 Chapter 3 Information System Fundamentals

2. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e2 Our Agenda Hardware for Information Systems Software for Information Systems Stored Data for Information Systems Personnel for Information Systems Procedures for Information Systems Ethical Issues for Information Systems

3. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e3 Learning Objectives Explain why businesses need computer and communications hardware in information systems. Distinguish between the three main types of computer systems. Explain the difference between application software and system software, and give an example of each.

4. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e4 Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Explain why businesses need software in information systems. Describe the way stored business data is commonly organized in information systems. Explain why businesses need stored data in information systems.

5. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e5 Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Identify the types of personnel in information systems and explain why businesses need personnel in information systems. Identify the types of procedures used in information systems and explain why businesses need procedures in information systems.

6. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e6 Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Describe different approaches to ethical decision making. Explain several ethical issues for information systems.

7. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e7 Hardware for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals

8. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e8 Computer and Communications Hardware Computer hardware Input devices Output devices Primary storage Secondary storage Central Processing Unit (CPU) Communications hardware Network devices

9. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e9 The Need for Computer Hardware Important elements of computer hardware Speed Accuracy Capacity

10. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e10 The Need for Communications Hardware Important elements of communications hardware Remote access Information sharing Resource sharing (printers, file servers) Interorganizational communication

11. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e11 Types of Computer Systems Personal Computers (microcomputer) Desktop Laptop Handheld Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Workstations

12. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e12 Types of Computer Systems (cont’d.) Multiple-user computer systems Minicomputer Typically between $5,000 and $200,000 Mainframe computer Typically between $100,000 and $10,000,000 Both are multi-user environments Supercomputers between $5 million and $20 miilion

13. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e13 Types of Computer Systems (cont’d.) Networked computer systems Many computers connected to a network which is used by many people at one time. Servers – provide services to other computers on the network. Clients – a user’s workstation connected to the network. Client-server computing – servers and clients used cooperatively.

14. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e14 Software for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals

15. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e15 Types of Software Application software – designed for specific computer applications for a business or organization. System software – designed to make computers usable. Also known as an operating system. Communications software – designed to permit computers to “talk” to each other.

16. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e16 Sources of Software Two main sources of software Packaged software – available commercially for personal, multiple-user and networked systems. Custom software – created to address very specific requirements of the users.

17. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e17 Stored Data for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals

18. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e18 Data Organization Elements of data storage Characters – letters, numerals, special symbols, a blank space. Fields – a group of related characters. Records – a group of fields about a single entity. Data file, or file – a group of records about a single purpose. Database – a group of related files.

19. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e19 Data Organization (cont’d.) While data can be organized in a database, there are other types of data. Multimedia Audio Video Images

20. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e20 Need for Stored Data Three main reasons businesses need stored data Data is available Data is modifiable Data is controllable

21. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e21 Personnel for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals

22. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e22 Users and Operating Personnel Users Supply data input Receive output Operating personnel Perform technical functions such as Manage networks Run software Pass output to users

23. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e23 Procedures for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals

24. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e24 Types of Procedures Two main types First tells people how to use and operate the system under normal circumstances. Second tells people what to do if the system does not function normally. Documentation is written instructions on the use and operation of the system.

25. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e25 Ethical Issues for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals

26. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e26 Ten Commandments 1.Do not use a computer to harm other people. 2.Do not interfere with other people’s computer work. 3.Do not look in other people’s computer files. 4.Do not use a computer to steal. 5.Do not use a computer to bear false witness. 6.Do not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.

27. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e27 Ten Commandments (cont’d.) 7.Do not use other people’s computer resources.without authorization or proper compensation. 8.Do not appropriate other people’s intellectual property. 9.Think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing. 10.Always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow man.

28. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e28 Information Systems Fundamentals Key Terms

29. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e29 Key Terms Application Software Bug Character Client Client-Server Computing Code of Ethics Communication Hardware Communication Software Custom Software Database Data File Desktop Computer Documentation Field File

30. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e30 Key Terms (cont’d.) Handheld (Palmtop) Computer Mainframe Computer Matching Microcomputer Minicomputer Multimedia Notebook (Laptop) Computer Operating System Packaged Software Personal Computer (PC) Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Platform Record Server Supercomputer

31. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e31 Key Terms (cont’d.) System Software Workstation

32. © 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e32 Summary Hardware for Information Systems Software for Information Systems Stored Data for Information Systems Personnel for Information Systems Procedures for Information Systems Ethical Issues for Information Systems