1. Oral Pharyngeal Function and Speech Production Topic 7a. Vocal Tract Review Stephen M. Tasko

2. Learning Objectives Describe the main cavities of the vocal tract. Identify the major boundaries of each cavity (e.g. hard palate, lips, teeth etc.). Stephen M. Tasko

3. Vocal Tract and Boundaries Stephen M. Tasko

4. Learning Objectives Provide the general functions of the major mobile structures within the vocal tract. Stephen M. Tasko

5. Mandible Stephen M. Tasko

6. Tongue Stephen M. Tasko

7. Lips Stephen M. Tasko

8. Learning Objectives Describe, draw and explain how valve and tube analogy of the vocal tract. Stephen M. Tasko

9. Tube and Valve Analogy Revisited Stephen M. Tasko Vocal Tract is a system of tubes and valves Tubes create the vocal tract shape Valves can serve to – Generate sound (e.g. larynx) – Determine the shape of the vocal tract

10. Learning Objectives Describe the main control variables of the oropharyngeal function. Stephen M. Tasko

11. Control Variables Pharyngeal-Oral Lumen Size and Configuration Pharyngeal-Oral Structural Contact Pressure Pharyngeal-Oral Airway Resistance Pharyngeal-Oral Acoustic Impedance Stephen M. Tasko

12. Pharyngeal-Oral Lumen Size and Configuration Size and shape of the oral-pharyngeal cavity dictates how this tube will resonate. Critical variable for determining the “filter” characteristics of the vocal tract Stephen M. Tasko

13. Pharyngeal-Oral Structural Contact Pressure Many phonetic objectives are achieved through establishing contact between structures Active Forces – Muscular Passive Forces – Surface tension – Gravity – Aeromechanical influences Stephen M. Tasko

14. Pharyngeal-Oral Airway Resistance Stephen M. Tasko

15. Pharyngeal-Oral Acoustic Impedance Stephen M. Tasko

16. Oral Pharyngeal Function and Speech Production Topic 7b. Selected Instrumentation for Capturing Oral-pharyngeal Function Stephen M. Tasko

17. Learning Objectives Briefly describe kinematic methods for capturing oral-pharyngeal function. Briefly describe electropalatography. Briefly describe electrophysiological methods for capturing oral-pharyngeal function. Stephen M. Tasko

18. X-ray Procedures Cineradiography Uses ionizing radiation to directly view vocal tract structures Takes full field x-rays of the head at rates exceeding 150 images/second Radiation exposure very high Stephen M. Tasko

19. X-ray Procedures X-ray Microbeam Directs a very small x ray beam at radio- opaque markers glued to vocal tract structures Much less radiation compared to cineradiography Stephen M. Tasko

20. Electromagnetic Articulography (e.g. www.articulograph.de) Stephen M. Tasko

21. Ultrasound Stephen M. Tasko

22. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging fMRI techniques applied to the vocal tract Stephen M. Tasko

23. Electropalatography (EPG) Device used to measure lingua-palatal contact Participant wears a false palate that contains a series of small transducers When contact is made with transducer, it is recorded by instrument Stephen M. Tasko

24. Electropalatography (EPG) Stephen M. Tasko

25. Electrophysiology Electromyography (EMG) Recording of muscle activation patterns (MAPs) May use surface or indwelling (needle or hookwire) electrodes Stephen M. Tasko