1. Africa Geographic Contrasts ___________ largest continent in the world. Some parts have constant __________ Can be land of _______ dust or desert Example: ___________ Desert in North Africa Other parts get ______ inches of rain a year Can be land of lush, green _______________ South Africa has __________ soil and _____________ Early African People First ____________ appeared in Great _______Valley Nomadic lifestyle until they learned to _______________ animals Lived in ________ Religion included ___________ – a religion where people believe that __________ are present in animals, __________, and other natural forces. Kingdom of Aksum Located by the Red Sea = modern day _____________ _______ over many important areas and became an important center of __________ Traded with Egypt, Arabia, __________, India and the _________ Empire at Aksum’s key sea port called _____________.

2. Traditionally monotheistic God called ___________ and their king __________ was a direct descendent of him. Offered sacrifices- animals King Ezana __________ to Christianity In 451 A.D., Ethiopia and Egypt with become _____________ and split from Roman Catholic Trade in Aksum Items traded: salt, ______________ horns, tortoise shells, ivory, _____________, and gold Imported cloth, glass,________ _____, ________, brass, iron and copper Aksum Religion Aksumite Architecture Developed unique architecture using ________ instead of _____ bricks to build palaces and buildings Used NO ____________ Instead they _________ stones to fit together _________ Built huge stone __________ called __________ to celebrate king’s conquests Fall of Aksum Aksum lasted for ________ years Fell to invaders who practiced _________!

3. The kingdom of Aksum surrounds modern day Ethiopia Aksum became strong because of a strong ruler named Enzana He conquered many lands and expanded his empire. People who live in Aksum are called Aksumites. King Enzana is important because he converted to Christianity This is a STELE that is a stone pillar that was built to celebrate Aksum’s achievements. It is still standing today Aksum is a Christian kingdom This area is known as the Ethiopian Highlands or Lasted for 800 years until the Muslims took over. * Capital =

4. Ghana is the land of ____________. Two most important trading goods: 1. _____________ 2. _____________ Gold came from the _____________ Salt deposits were found in the ________________ desert. This important trade of gold and salt took place on the ________- ____________ trade. The king was the only one allowed to keep gold ____________. This way the king could keep the price of gold high. Like ___________, Mali became wealthy because of ___________. A man named ____________ __________ became the leader of Mali. He was a devout ______________. Because of Mansa Musa, Mali grew to become _____________ the size of _______________. The city of ________________ became a center of trade and learning because Mansa Musa ordered _________________ and ________________ to be built. Timbuktu is the location of the _________ of __________. After Mali declined, people broke away and formed a new civilization near the _______________ river. Two great rulers named: 1. _____________________ 2. _____________________ __________________ captured the city of _______________________. ____________________ was an excellent administrator. He set up an efficient _______ _______________ and chose __________ officials. Later they were taken over by the ___________________ who were fighting with guns.