1. Chapter 3 Hazardous Materials Identification All presentation sources are used in accordance with the Multimedia Fair Use Guidelines and are not for copying and pasting by other users.

2. Hazardous Materials Identification 7 clues to the presence of hazardous materials – In addition to verbal reports – Order of identification The ones most easily identified from a distance – Order of risk The least amount of risk to the most amount of risk to the responder

3. Hazardous Materials Identification 7 clues to the presence of hazardous materials – 1. Occupancy types, locations, and pre-incident surveys – 2. Container shapes – 3. Transportation placards, labels, and markings – 4. Other markings and colors (nontransportation) – 5. Written resources – 6. Senses – 7. Monitoring devices and detection devices

4. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 1 – Occupancy types, locations, and pre-incident surveys Local emergency response plans – Required by federal law to be completed and reviewed annually by the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) – Increases decision making accuracy » Product identificiton – Increases decision making time » Response route » Resources needed

5. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 1 – Occupancy types, locations, and pre-incident surveys Occupancy Types – High probable locations for finding signification quantities of hazardous materials » Fuel storage facilities » Paint supply stores » Photo processing laboratories » Feed / Farm stores » Print shops » Warehouses

6. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 1 – Occupancy types, locations, and pre-incident surveys Incident Locations – Roadways – Railways – Waterways – Airways – Pipelines

7. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Bulk / nonbulk packaging – Bulk » Materials loaded with no intermediate form of containment Cargo tank, railcar, portable tank » Maximum capacity > 119 gallons » Maximum net mass > 882 pounds

8. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Bulk / nonbulk packaging – Non-Bulk » Smaller than the minimum criteria established for bulk packaging Drums Boxes Bags » May have a form of intermediate containment

9. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Bulk-capacity fixed-facility containers – Buildings – Aboveground storage tanks – Machinery – Underground storage tanks – Pipelines – Reactors – Upon piles or bins

10. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Aboveground storage tanks – 1. Atmospheric / Nonpressure » <0.5 psi – 2. Pressure tanks » Low pressure 0.5 – 15 psi » Pressure vessels >15 psi

11. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Atmospheric / Nonpressure – Horizontal Tank

12. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Atmospheric / Nonpressure – Cone Roof Tank

13. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Atmospheric / Nonpressure – Open Top Floating Roof Tank

14. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Atmospheric / Nonpressure – Covered Top Floating Roof Tank

15. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Atmospheric / Nonpressure – Atmospheric Underground Storage Tank

16. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Pressure Storage Tanks (Low Pressure) – Dome Roof Tank

17. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Pressure Storage Tanks (Low Pressure) – Spheroid Tank

18. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Pressure Storage Tanks (High Pressure) – Horizontal Pressure Vessel

19. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Pressure Storage Tanks (High Pressure) – Spherical Pressure Vessel

20. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Pressure Storage Tanks (High Pressure) – Cryogenic – Liquid Storage Tank

21. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Carry capacities in excess of 30,000 gallons – Tank cars carry the bulk of the hazardous materials transported by rail » Nonpressure tanks cars » Pressure tank cars » Cryogenic liquid tank cars » Hopper cars » Boxcars » Special service cars

22. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Nonpressure tank car » Also known as “general service” or “low-pressure” » Vapor pressure <25 psi » Contain 4,000-45,000 gallons May be compartmentalized with up to 6 compartments » Cylindrical with rounded ends (heads) They have at least one manway access

23. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Nonpressure tank car without expansion dome

24. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Pressure tank car » Pressures >25 psi » Contain 4,000-45,000 gallons Noncompartmentalized » Cylindrical with rounded ends (heads) » Typically top loading cars Valves located inside the protective housing Used to distinguish between pressure and nonpressure tank cars

25. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Pressure tank car

26. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Cryogenic liquid tank car » Low pressure <25 psi » Argon » Hydrogen » Nitrogen » Liquid oxygen (NOX) » Liquefied natural gas (LNG)

27. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Cryogenic liquid tank car

28. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Other railroad cars » Pneumatically Unloaded Hopper Car

29. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Rail Tank Cars – Other railroad cars » High Pressure Tube Car

30. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Cargo Tank Trucks – Most must meet governmental tank-safety specifications » MC or DOT/TC followed by a three-digit number Ie – MC 306 Ie – DOT/TC 406 – Nonspec tanks » Tank must be designed for a specific purpose

31. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Cargo Tank Trucks – Nonpressure liquid tank » Vapor pressure <3 psi » MC 306 or DOT/TC 406

32. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Cargo Tank Trucks – Low-pressure chemical tank » Vapor pressure <40 psi » MC 307 or DOT/TC 407

33. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Cargo Tank Trucks – Corrosive liquid tank » Vapor pressure <75 psi » MC 312

34. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Container shapes Cargo Tank Trucks – Dry bulk cargo tank » Vapor pressure < 22 psi

35. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings UN Recommendations – Adopted by U.S., Canada, Mexico » Hazard classes » Commodity identification numbers » Placards » Labels » Markings

36. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings Hazard Classes – Class 1: Explosives – Class 2:Gases – Class 3:Flammable liquids – Class 4:Flammable solids – Class 5:Oxidizing substances – Class 6:Toxic and infectious substances – Class 7: Radioactive materials – Class 8:Corrosive substances – Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances

37. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings UN Commodity Identification Numbers – Four-digit number that is used in conjunction with illustrated placards

38. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Placards – Diamond-shaped, colored coded sign – Used to identify the materials in transportation containers Background Color Hazard Symbol Diamond shaped Hazard Class Number 4-Digit ID Number or Hazard Class Designation

39. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Placards – Color coding Explosive Oxidizer Flammable Health Hazard Water Reactive Nonflammable Gas

40. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Symbols ExplosiveOxidizerRadioactive PoisonCorrosiveNonflammable Gas Flammable

41. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Labels – Provide same information as vehicle placards – Found on packages – 3.9 inch square-on-point diamonds

42. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Markings – By the DOT definition » A descriptive name » A weight » A specification – Includes » Instructions » Cautions » UN marks

43. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 2 – Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings DOT Markings

44. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors NFPA 704 System – Found on fixed facilities » Doesn’t tell you exactly what the chemical or chemicals are 0-4 rating 4 44

45. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors NFPA 704 System Health – 4 — Severe hazard – 3 — Serious hazard – 2 — Moderate hazard – 1 — Slight hazard – 0 — Minimal hazard Flammability – 4 — Flammable gases, volatile liquids, pyrophoric materials – 3 — Ignites at ambient temperatures – 2 — Ignites when moderately heated – 1 — Must be preheated to burn – 0 — Will not burn 4 44

46. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors NFPA 704 System 4 44 Instability – 4 — Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at ambient conditions – 3 — Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition with strong initiating source – 2 — Violent chemical change possible at elevated temperature and pressure – 1 — Normally stable, but becomes unstable if heated – 0 — Normally stable Special hazards Located at 6 o’clock Have no special background although white is most often used May contain one of two special symbols W — Unusual reactivity with water OX — Oxidizer

47. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Manufacturers’ Labels and Signal Words – Caution » Product may have minor health effects – Warning » Product had moderate hazards – Danger » Highest degree of hazard – Poison » Highly toxic materials » Must have “danger” label

48. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Division 1: Mass Explosion » Equivalent to DOT/UN Class 1.1 – Division 2: Explosion with Fragment Hazard » Equivalent to DOT/UN Class 1.2

49. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Division 3: Mass Fire » Equivalent to DOT/UN 1.3 – Division 4: Moderate Fire – No Blast » Equivalent to DOT/UN 1.4

50. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards » Wear full protective clothing “Red you’re Dead” Highly toxic chemicals May cause death or serious damage

51. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards » Wear full protective clothing “Yellow you’re Mellow” Presence of harassing agents Riot control agents and smokes

52. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards » Wear full protective clothing “White is Bright” Presence of white phosphorus Other spontaneously combustibles

53. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards » Wear breathing apparatus Intense heat hazard

54. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards » Apply no water Dangerous reaction with water

55. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards (Supplemental) » G-Type nerve agents » VX nerve agents » Incapacitating nerve agents

56. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 4 – Other Markings and Colors Military Markings – Chemical Hazards (Supplemental) » H-type mustard agent » Blister agent » Lewisite blister agent

57. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Shipping Papers – Must accompany the shipment of hazardous materials – Indicates origin, destination, route and product » Bill of Lading Used by the trucking industry » Waybill Used by the railroad industry » Air Bill Used by the air industry » Dangerous Cargo Manifest Used by water shipping industry

58. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) – Detailed information bulletin – Prepared by the manufacturer » Chemical identity » Manufacturer’s information » Hazardous ingredients » Physical and chemical characteristics » Fire and explosion data » Reactivity data » Health hazard » Precautions » Control measures

59. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards » Yellow Pages ID Number Index

60. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards » Blue Pages Material Name Index

61. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards » Orange Pages Initial Action Guides

62. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards » Green Pages Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances

63. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Small spill » Involves a single small package » <53 gallons – Large spill » Involves a spill from a large package » >53 gallons » Spill involving several small packages

64. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 5 – Written Resources Inventory Records and Facility Documents – Shipping and receiving documents – Inventory records – Risk management and hazardous communication plans – Chemical inventory reports

65. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 6 – Senses Vision is definitely the safest of the five senses – Use binoculars from a safe distance » Container deterioration » Containers bulging » Sick humans » Dead or dying birds, animals, insects or fish » Discoloration of valves or piping Statements from victims or witnesses – Smells – Tastes

66. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 7 – Monitoring and Detection Devices Combustible Gas Indicator – Detects the concentration of combustible gases and vapors in the air Two-, Three-, and Four-Gas Monitors – Combustible gases – Oxygen concentrations – Carbon monoxide levels – Hydrogen sulfide levels

67. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 7 – Monitoring and Detection Devices Other Monitoring / Detection Devices – Photoionization detectors (PID) » Used to detect the concentrations of many organic and some inorganic gases and vapors at the same time – Specific chemical detectors » Devices used to sound an alarm when the presence of a specific chemical is detected Carbon monoxide detector Chlorine detector Hydrogen cyanide detector

68. Hazardous Materials Identification Clue 7 – Monitoring and Detection Devices Other Monitoring / Detection Devices – Indicator papers and Ph meters » Used to measure specific hazards – Detector tubes » Detect a variety of gas vapors – Radiation monitors » Detects alpha, beta, gamma radiation – Personal dosimeters » Worn as badges

69. Hazardous Materials Identification Works Cited “Hazardous Materials for First Responders” International Fire Service Training Association 3 rd Edition 2004 Print