1. The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism
CHAPTER 28
4/22/2017
CHAPTER 28
The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism
Section 1: The Postwar Era
Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships
Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union

2. The Postwar Era Objectives: Section 1:
Explain how scientific theories affected thinking in other areas of life.
Identify ways in which writers, musicians, painters, and architects experimented with new forms.
Describe how popular culture and consumerism affected societies.

3. SECTION 1
The Postwar Era
Question:
What were some developments in science and art in the post World War I era?

4. The Effects of Scientific Events and Ideas
Section 1:
The Postwar Era
The Effects of Scientific Events and Ideas
A global epidemic
Scientific and social theories
Why had society been afraid of technology and science?
What outside factors held it back throughout history?

5. New Directions in Literature
Section 1:
The Postwar Era
New Directions in Literature
Dissatisfaction with traditional ideas, disillusionment
Examination of unconscious motivations
Surrealism
Poetry without rhyme with lines of varying lengths
How can we relate this to expressing ourselves today?

6. New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture
Section 1:
The Postwar Era
New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture
Music – Stravinsky, Schoenberg; radio gave rise to jazz
Painting – Picasso created cubism; Dali used surrealism
Architecture – Sullivan used functionalism, developed skyscraper; Frank Lloyd Wright influenced international style

7. Popular Culture and Consumerism
Section 1:
The Postwar Era
Popular Culture and Consumerism
Entertainment – motion pictures, sports
Consumer culture – more luxury items purchased, radio advertising, buying on credit, prohibition
How did these ideas change our current society?

8. Question: What economic weaknesses led to the Great Depression?
SECTION 2
Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Question:
What economic weaknesses led to the Great Depression?

9. Science and Art in the Postwar Era
SECTION 1
The Postwar Era
Science and Art in the Postwar Era
Causes
Effect
Freudian psychology
helped people understand the devastation of World War I
combined conscious and unconscious to portray life in a dreamlike way
surrealism
functionalism
buildings designed for particular use instead of following style

10. Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Section 2:
Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Objectives:
Identify the weaknesses that appeared in the global economy during the postwar era.
Describe how nations initially responded to the Great Depression.
Explain how the New Deal marked a shift in the U.S. government’s relationship with its citizens and the economy.

11. Signs of Economic Troubles
Section 2:
Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Signs of Economic Troubles
Farmers – farmers struggled while industry prospered
Protectionism – economic nationalism
Speculation and panic – risky investments in stock market, Black Tuesday occurred when stock market crashed
What does a rumor do? Compare your answer to how they inspired the Great Depression.

12. Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Section 2:
Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
The Great Depression
Destroyed surpluses
Tried economic nationalism
How is average citizen affected?

13. Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Section 2:
Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
The New Deal
Program of relief and reform
Social Security Act provided for unemployment and old-age benefits

14. Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
SECTION 2
Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
easy credit
buying stocks
high stock prices
panic selling of stocks
stock market crash
run on the banks
bank closures
financial ruin for many
defensive international trading practices
worldwide bank failures
global depression

15. Question: What problems did the war cause in postwar France? SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied Territories
Political Tensions After World War I
Question:
What problems did the war cause in postwar France?

16. Political Tensions After World War I
Section 3:
Political Tensions After World War I
Objectives:
Describe the difficulties that France faced during the postwar years.
Explain how the British government dealt with its domestic problems.
Identify the problems that weakened eastern European governments.

17. France’s Postwar Difficulties
Section 3:
Political Tensions After World War I
France’s Postwar Difficulties
The economy – government and individuals were in debt
International affairs – Locarno Pact pledged that countries would peacefully settle all future disputes
Political unrest – strikes in various industries; Popular Front came to power, then fell; extremist actions

18. Great Britain After World War I
Section 3:
Political Tensions After World War I
Great Britain After World War I
Labor troubles – outdated industry, unemployment
Ireland - bloody revolt against Great Britain; Irish Republican Army fought for independence

19. Political Tensions After World War I
Section 3:
Political Tensions After World War I
Eastern Europe
Weak economies
Conflicts between socialists and conservatives
New boundaries caused unrest

20. Political Tensions After World War I
SECTION 3
Political Tensions After World War I
war debt
France: World War I
physical destruction
defense costs

21. Question: Why did people embrace totalitarianism? SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Question:
Why did people embrace totalitarianism?

22. Fascist Dictatorships
Section 4:
Fascist Dictatorships
Objectives:
Describe how Benito Mussolini transformed Italy into a fascist state.
Explain why the Weimar Republic failed.
Trace how Adolf Hitler became an important figure in Germany.
Describe how the Nazis used power in Germany.

23. The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Section 4:
Fascist Dictatorships
The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Fascist doctrine – dictatorship and totalitarianism, opposed communism and democracy
Mussolini’s rise to power – appointed Fascists to all official positions in center government
The corporatist state – major economic activities were organized similar to corporations

24. Fascist Dictatorships
Section 4:
Fascist Dictatorships
The Weimar Republic
Treaty of Versailles was humiliating, opposed Germany’s interests
High unemployment, soaring inflation

25. Fascist Dictatorships
Section 4:
Fascist Dictatorships
The Nazis and Hitler
Nazi Party was extremely nationalistic, anti-Semitic, and anticommunist
Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, which planned for racial purity, promised to repeal Treaty of Versailles

26. Fascist Dictatorships
Section 4:
Fascist Dictatorships
The Nazis in Power
Created anticommunist hysteria

27. SECTION 5
Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Question:
What were some of the problems faced by the new Soviet Union?

28. Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Section 5:
Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Objectives:
Identify the terms of the New Economic Policy.
Describe how Stalin shaped the Soviet economy.
Explain why Stalin imprisoned and executed millions of Soviet people.

29. Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Section 5:
Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Russia Under Lenin
New Economic Policy – nationalized industries, collectivized arms
Women’s roles – gave women more rights
Education was priority

30. Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Section 5:
Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
The Five-Year Plan
Ambitious agricultural, industrial, and social goals to create a modern, industrialized society
Caused hardships for Soviet people, were forced to comply

31. Stalin’s Dictatorship
Section 5:
Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Stalin’s Dictatorship
Government under Stalin – purge of disloyal party members, extended to general population
Foreign policy – wanted rest of world to accept Soviet Union, but tried to spread Communist revolution

32. Problems of the New Soviet Union
SECTION 5
Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Problems of the New Soviet Union
Attempted Solution
Problem
Results
near economic collapse in 1921
Lenin’s New Economic Policy allowed some free enterprise
moderately successful
agriculture
collective farms
failed: famine resulted
power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin
savage and brutal competition
Stalin emerged as victor
little economic growth
Stalin’s first Five-Year Plan
succeeded in reviving industry somewhat
no increase in consumer goods or food
second Five-Year Plan
industry continued growing, but the people starved

33. Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 28
1. Why did western European nations and the United States fail to respond to Germany’s violations of the Treaty of Versailles?
2. How did Hitler use Germany’s democratic system to gain control over the country?
3. How did the work of Freud and Einstein influence culture during the 1920s?