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England WARS OF THE ROSES LEAD TO TUDORS TAKING THRONE OF ENGLAND RICHARD III & HENRY VII 2 PRINCES OF THE TOWER BOSWORTH FIELD HOUSES OF YORK AND LANCASTER
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Tudor Family Henry VIII ENGLISH REFORMATION Divorce and the break with the church 6 WIVES**SEE OTHER PP** THOMAS CRAMNER, THOMAS CROMWELL EDWARD VI Mary I-CATHOLIC Elizabeth I-PROTESTANT
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Tudor Family Henry dies in 1547. Edward VI becomes King at the age of 9. ENGLAND RULED BY A REGENT: EDWARD DUKE OF SOMMERSET EXTREMELY PROTESTANT(ANGLICAN) ENGLISH PRAYER BOOK OF 1449-1552 BIBLE IN THE VENACULAR HE IS SICKLY AND WILL NOT LAST LONG
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Mary I Edward dies in 1553. Mary becomes Queen. Mary’s Catholic and the English are Protestant???
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Mary I Mary married Philip II of Spain. She restores Catholicism to England Aided by Archbishop of Canterbury Pole Many protestants flee England Marian Exiles Executes 300 protestants by burning them at the stake, many thousands of others are hung. John Foxe: Book of Martyrs: Thomas Cramner. Multiple false pregnancies, dies childless and throne passed to Elizabeth I her half sister, protestant
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Elizabeth I Elizabeth I Supremacy Bill of 1559: Supreme Governor Restores Protestant faith Elizabethan Settlement Prayer book of 1559 39 articles (Calvinism ) Mary, Queen of Scots
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Elizabeth I Allowed for ambiguity of worship Elizabeth’s reign was a great cultural period for England
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Elizabeth I Promoted the arts, playwrights, and theater. William Shakespeare.
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Elizabeth I Defeated Spanish Armada 1588 Supported Privateers, such as Francis Drake, known pirates Defeat of the Armada did not defeat Spain as a power Rise of Puritans, purify the Church of England Views Beliefs Salvation signs
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PROBLEMS FOR THE TUDORS Parliament (Legislative Assembly) Constant struggle for power Religion: People that did not like the Church of England (Anglican) Puritans: “Purify” church of England from Catholic influences Separatists: “separate” from the Church of England altogether. Multiple sects: Armenians Catholics: many still remained loyal to the faith
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Stuart Family Elizabeth dies childless and James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England. James is the first Stuart Family ruler. Believed deeply in divine right of kings George Villiers (Lord of Buckingham) Bible Plantation Policy in Ireland Economics
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James I Not well liked by the people or the Nobles because he is Scottish. New translation of the Bible (King James Bible) Spent entire reign arguing with Parliament.
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Charles I Son of James I Opposite of James Never made to be king Believed in absolutes Archbishop Laud Parliament-Tonnage & Poundage War with Scotland
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Charles I Needs money from parliament Refused money so he forced people to loan him money after Parliament refused a tax increase After 11yrs. Charles finally called Parliament together. Long parliament
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Can they get rid of Charles I? Here is their big chance….. Charles makes a BIG decision…..He decides that everyone should have the same prayer book. England is Anglican Scotland is Presbyterian The Scots are furious, and revolt….this sets a series of events in motion…..
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Parliament Moved to limit the power of the King. At first Charles went along but then tried to arrest the leaders of the movement against him.
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English Revolution This causes war to break out. Cavaliers (loyalist) supported the king.
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War Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell were backed by the Puritans.
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Cromwell Wins Cromwell wins and takes control. New Model Army Charles I is tried for treason and beheaded.
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BEHEADING OF CHARLES I AT WHITEHALL
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Cromwell Cromwell is given the title of Lord Protector. Barebones Parliament Head of State Instrument of Government 1653-1658 Offered to be King Suppressed all opposition.
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Cromwell Everyone was forced to follow Puritan ways. No theater, dance, etc…) Cromwell dies.
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Cromwell Dies After Cromwell dies, his son is unable to rule effective. English nobles invite Charles II to return to be King.
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Restoration Period This period is known as the RESTORATION because the king was restored to the throne.
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Charles II Charles II was known as the “Merry Monarch” because he loved to party. 17 illegitimate children Unsuccessful due to parliament Very attached to Catholic views Allowed for rise of sciences, Boyle, Newton, etc.. Dies and brother takes over
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James II Charles II younger brother (Catholic). England was a protestant nation.
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James II England agreed to allow him to be king if his heirs were raised protestant. He had 2 daughters Anne & Mary.
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James II Everything was fine until James II’s new wife had a son. He was the heir and would be catholic.
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James II English people very upset. James has to flee the country, but is caught trying to escape They ask James’s daughter and husband to take the throne. (William and Mary).
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Glorious Revolution Known as the Glorious Revolution because a protestant was again ruling England. William & Mary placed on the throne by the Parliament Overall this period was one of unresolved changes
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