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Politics and Religion
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Political Geography
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What is Political Geography? Study of governmental systems Study of nation-states
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Nations, States, and Nation States? Nation – a people with common culture, usually in a specific territory + State – sovereign government, located in specific territory = Nation-State – nation and state in same territory
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What kinds of borders? Political Borders –artificial, set by govt. (imaginary lines) Example: North and South Korea Natural Borders – created by physical features Example: Rio Grande River (Mexico and US)
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Major Functions of Governments Different government systems divide powers and responsibilities differently. Separation of powers, distribution of powers vary by country. Executive – authority for the day- to-day operation of the government Legislative – decision-making assembly or other body Judicial – law and justice issues
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What are the major types of political systems? Complete the “Government Chart” as we go along. We will discuss good things and bad things about each one.
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“Democracy” or “Republic” Who has power? citizens hold political power What else should you know? 2 main kinds – “direct” democracy, “representative” democracy Example: USA, most modern nations
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“Monarchy” Who has power? King or Queen What else should you know? Usually shares power with other groups, typically a legislature – making them a “constitutional monarchy” Example? Great Britain, Jordan
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“Authoritarian” Who has power? Government has all political power (not the people) What else should you know? One ruler – “Dictatorship” Group – “Oligarchy” Total control of all aspects of a citizen’s life – “Totalitarianism” Examples? Nazi Germany, Soviet Union Cuba, North Korea, Syria People’s Republic of China
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“Anarchy” or “Failed State” Who has power? Nobody, or gangs and warlords… violence = political power in a failed state. There often is a government, but it has no control over its territory. What else should you know? The instability is often fueled by illegal drugs or resources, because of external interference. Examples: See map
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Major World Religions
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Judaism Who – Abraham, Moses When – circa 3000 BC Where – Israel Holy Books - Torah, and Talmud Major Divisions – Orthodox, Conservative, Reform Basic Beliefs Monotheistic – one God Jews are the chosen people of God, must follow his laws. Jerusalem/Israel are holy lands.
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Christianity Who – Jesus of Nazareth When – circa 30AD Where – Israel Holy Books – Old and New Testaments Major Divisions – Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox Basic Beliefs Jesus Christ is the son of God Death and resurrection Came to redeem mankind from sin.
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Islam Who – Mohammed When – circa 620AD Where – Arabian Peninsula Holy Books – Quran and the Hadith Major Divisions – Sunni, Shia Basic Beliefs There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of God Quran is word of God. Muslims must perform the “Five Pillars of Faith”.
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Hinduism Who – Ancient priests of India When – 5000 –3000 BCE Where – India Holy Books – Vedas, Bhagavad- Gita Major Divisions – Numerous schools and traditions Basic Beliefs Polytheistic Reincarnation and Karma – cause and effect Ultimate goal – oneness with “Brahman” (God, Reality)
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Buddhism Who – Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) When – 500 BC Where – Northern India Holy Books - Tripitaka Major Divisions – Mahayana, Theravada Basic Beliefs Life is suffering, caused by wanting things, caused by ignorance. Reincarnation and karma “8-fold Path” allows escape to Nirvana
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