1. Obstetrics

2. Definition of Obstetrics Branch of medicine dealing with the pregnant woman during pregnancy, child birth and period following birth

3. Word Parts Word root Combining form Meaning ObstetricObstetr/icmidwife

4. Semen Mixture of sperm & secretions in seminal vesicles Insemination – deposit of semen in the female reproductive tract

5. Artificial Insemination Semen is inserted into uterus via a cannula instead of coitus AI (AIH) by husband AI (AID) by donor

6. Word parts Word root Combinin g form Meaning Seminsemin/ iliquid secretion of the testicles and glands Spermsperm/o, spermat/o, sprem/i sperm cells or spermatozoa, ejaculated from the male Act 1

7. Fertilisation Is the union of sperm and ovum Fertilised ovum is called zygote Zygote travels down fallopian tube to endometrium where it implants itself

8. Foetus development Embryo – developing human during first 2 months - embryonic membranes form which protect & nourish the embryo Foetus – developing human after the second month - amniotic membrane forms surrounds foetus and is filled with amniotic fluid - amniotic fluid is a shock absorber for the foetus

9. Placenta Develops between the embryo and endometrium Exchanges nutrients and waste between mother and foetus Also secretes hormones to maintain pregnancy

10. Word parts Word root Combining form Meaning FoetFoet/oan unborn baby PlacentPlacent/oflat cake

11. Terms related to placenta Adherent placenta – placenta is fused to uterine wall Retained placenta – placenta is not expelled Placenta praevia – placenta forms abnormally in lower part of uterus over the internal opening of the cervix Act 3

12. Umbilical cord Connects foetus to placenta Transports blood and nutrients to the foetus

13. Gestation Period of time embryo and foetus is carried in uterus Usually 280 days

14. Word parts Word root Combining form Meaning Gravida-gravidarelates to pregnancies Para-paranumber of previous pregnancies resulting in a live infant Toctoc/o, -tociabirth, labour Natnat/obirth

15. Antenatal Period from conception to birth 3 trimesters – 3 months each

16. Labour and Delivery Parturition refers to birth Labour is period preceding birth Uterine contractions are called eutocia Syntoconon is a drug to induce uterine contractions

17. Stages of labour 1. Dilation – onset of labour to full dilation of 10 cm 2. Expulsion – full dilation to delivery 3. Placental – delivery of placenta and occurs a few minutes after birth

18. Foetus during labour Lies in a lateral position in uterus Engagement – when head moves down into cervix Presentation – part of foetus that is touched by examining finger through the cervix

19. Puerperium Period 6 – 8 weeks following birth Reproductive system reverts to pre pregnant state

20. Definitions Post partum haemorrhage – excessive bleeding from birth canal Eclampsia – sudden convulsion due to toxaemia of pregnancy Stillbirth – foetus is born dead Congenital – present at time of birth Caesarian section – delivery by surgical excision into abdominal wall Forceps – surgical instruments used to help delivery Act 4

21. Mammary Glands Function is milk secretion i.e. lactation Ducts convey milk from lobes to the exterior The circular pigmented area surrounding the nipple is known as the areola

22. Word parts Word root Combining form Meaning Mastmast/obreast Mammmamm/obreast Lactlact/o, lact/imilk Galactgalact/omilk

23. Abbreviations ARMArtificial Rupture of Membranes CTGcardiotocograph DOBdate of birth EDC/Destimated date of confinement / delivery EDDestimated date of delivery EPectopic pregnancy FDIUfoetal distress in utero FECGfoetal electrocardiograph

24. Abbreviations FHRfoetal heart rate HDNhaemolytic disease of the newborn IUDintrauterine device LSCSlower section caesarian section NBnewborn PETpre- eclamptic toxaemia PPHpostpartum haemorrhage PROMpremature rupture of membranes PVper vagina

25. Abbreviations Apgar scoremethod of assessing general state of baby at birth.Appearance (colour); Pulse(heart rate); Grimace( response to slap); Respiration (breathing) epesi/opubic region,vulvo gravidaa pregnant woman multigravidaat least 2 pregnancies multiparagiven birth to 2 or more children nulligravidahaving never been pregnant parato bear primigravidafirst pregnancy primiparafirst delivery

26. Miscarriage Expulsion of products of conception before 20 weeks

27. Conditions and Terms cervical incompetenceabnormal weakness of the cervix; can lead to recurrent miscarriages ectopic pregnancypregnancy outside of uterus usually in fallopian tubes placenta praeviaplacenta situated near the cervix pre - eclampsiacondition in which hypertension, oedema, and proteinuria developing during 2 nd half of pregnancy