1. Reproduction & Heredity

2. Stages of Reproduction Fertilization~ Joining of an egg and a sperm in the fallopian tube Click on picture above ***Video Note: Some religious beliefs differ about when pregnancy occurs. This is meant for educational purposes only NOT to change anyone’s beliefs.

3. Embryo: A fertilized egg in the first 2 months Fetus: From the 3 rd month on the embryo is called a fetus.

4. Stages of Birth: 1.Labor – mild contractions pushes the baby against the cervix 2. Birth – Baby pushes through the cervix and into the birth canal. 3. After birth – After the baby is delivered, the placenta separates and is delivered.

6. Identical Twins: Twins developed from the same fertilized egg that splits.

8. Fraternal Twins: Twins that develop at same time but from separate fertilized eggs.

10. Vaginal Birth: A natural birth of a baby..

11. Breech Birth: Feet or butt of a baby enters the birth canal first.

12. Cesarean Section (C section)~ An incision is made in the abdomen and uterus in order to deliver the baby.

13. Anemia~ Low number of healthy red blood cells, insufficient iron. The baby takes iron to make red blood cells.

14. Toxemia~ The body retains toxic waste, can lead to weight gain and swollen feet. If left untreated can lead to convulsions and coma.

15. Miscarriage~ Muscles in the uterus contract and force a nonliving embryo from the body, usually within the first 3 months. Still Birth~ Occurs when a mother delivers a non living fetus after full term.

16. Incubator~ keeps a premature baby in a sterile environment and at a warm temperature until fully developed. Premature Birth~ babies born before they are fully developed.

17. Birth Defects~ Physical or mental disabilities that are present at birth. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders~ birth defects caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. This disability is 100% preventable!

18. Heredity: Chromosomes~ tiny threadlike structures that carry hereditary information from generation to generation. Every cell contains 46 chromosomes, 23 from mother and 23 from father.

19. X Chromosomes = Female (XX) Y Chromosomes = Male (XY)

20. Genes~ Chromosomes are divided into smaller units which contain instructions to help determine a certain characteristic of an individual. DNA ~ makes up the genes

21. Dominant Genes~ Person will show the trait coded for by the gene even if only one gene is present. Recessive Genes~ Occurs only if a Dominant gene is not present. (ex…rolling your tongue)

22. Prenatal Diagnosis: Amniocentesis~ test used by taking amniotic fluid from the mother. Ultrasound~ Sound waves used to produce images of the fetus.