1. ZUERICH, July 4, 2012 Shape Realization Carlo H. Séquin University of California, Berkeley

2. CITRIS Building Startup Space Committees Plenary 2 Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society

3. CITRIS Building Startup Space Committees Plenary 3 A few typical spaces... Small conference room Signature conference room (sixth floor) Entrance to main auditorium Entrance corridor

4. CITRIS Building Startup Space Committees Plenary 4 Main Auditorium (third floor)

5. CITRIS: Digging a Hole

6. Pouring the Mud Slab

7. Wall Construction: ReBar

8. Steel Frame Rising

9. Fearless Steel Workers

10. Facade Going Up

11. Building Almost Complete

12. Complex Work on the Interior

13. Brent Collins’ “Pax Mundi” 1997: wood, 30”diam. 2006: Commission from H&R Block, Kansas City to make a 70”diameter version in bronze. My task: to define the master geometry.

14. Target Geometry Constraints: Bronze; 70” diameter Less than 1500 pounds Less than $50’000 Maintain beauty, strength Minimize master geometry

15. SLIDE-GUI for “Pax Mundi” Shapes Good combination of interactive 3D graphics and parameterizable procedural constructs.

16. Sculptures by Naum Gabo Pathway on a sphere: Edge of surface is like seam of tennis- or base-ball;  2-period Gabo curve.

17. 2-period “Gabo Curve” u Approximation with quartic B-spline with 8 control points per period, but only 3 DOF are used (symmetry!).

18. 4-period “Gabo Curve” Same construction as for as for 2-period curve

19. Pax Mundi Revisited u Can be seen as: Amplitude modulated, 4-period Gabo curve

20. 2-period Gabo sculpture Tennis ball – or baseball – seam used as sweep curve.

21. “Viae Globi” Family (Roads on a Sphere) “Viae Globi” Family (Roads on a Sphere) 2 3 4 5 periods

22. Many Different “Viae Globi” Models

23. Emulation; Define Master Pattern u Use 4 copies. u Master to make a mold from. Alignment tab

24. Model of Master Part Made with FDM u 4 pieces make the whole sculpture

25. Joe Valasek’s CNC Milling Machine u Styrofoam milling machine

26. Design of Two-Part Master u Alignment tabs for easy assembly

27. Subdivide into Two Master Segments

28. Machined Master Pattern #2

29. (Cut) Master  Silicone Rubber Mold

30. Mold  Several (4) Wax Copies

31. Spruing the Wax Parts for Casting

32. Ceramic Slurry Shell Around Wax Part

33. Taking the Shell out of the Kiln

34. Shell Ready for Casting

35. The Pour

36. Casting with Liquid Bronze

37. Freeing the Bronze Cast

38. Assembling the Segments

39. The “Growing” Ribbon

40. The Assembly is Too Squat !!

41. Changing the Curvature u PHYSICS is important too... not just Geometry !

42. Static Displacement “Pax Mundi” “Music of the Spheres” red = maximal, blue = minimal displacement

43. Grinding the Welded Seams, Polishing the Surface

44. Applying Patina

45. Front Door of the... H&R Block Building

46. The Final Destination

47. Steve Reinmuth Tightening the Bolts

48. Brent Collins Polishing Our Baby

49. Team effort: Brent Collins, Steve Reinmuth, Carlo Séquin

51. Observations u Engineering considerations took much more time than the original shape design. l Scale  partitioning of shape l How to create the master pattern u Fabrication issue become a much bigger concern when you plan to make several copies ! l Complexity and reusability of molds l Work required to finishing a sculpture

52. Yet Another Medium: Stone “Pillar of Engineering” Sponsored by Paul Suciu (EECS alum)

53. Pillar of Engineering at UCB

54. Fall 2011: CS 285 at UCB Solid Modeling and Rapid Prototyping Give the students some experience with fabrication issues! u Dissection puzzles are an ideal medium: u -- they enhance the spatial visualization skills; u -- they force students to address issues of accuracy, tolerances, materials properties.

55. One Problem Statement u Design a two- or three-piece geometrical puzzle in which a shape splits into all congruent parts via a helical screw motion. u Teams of 3-4 students u Conceptual discussions in class u A first design + Individual feedback u Initial design to be fabricated on FDM machine u 2 nd, “final” design, hopefully yielding a working puzzleExecution

56. Simple Helicoidal Dissections 3-part CAD model Cross section Scaling function A sweep producing a tear-drop shape z

57. First FDM Parts

58. Rapid Prototyping with FDM

59. A Look Into the FDM Machine A sculpture-build in progress; note grey support! 2 NOZZLES

60. A Second Set of Parts There are still problems: The parts may not slide together completely!

61. Advanced Helicoidal Dissections This design started with the outer shape: a cube then partitioned it in to 3 parts with helicoidal cuts

62. Generalization: Multi-Prong Dissections Design a straight configuration and then twist the whole thing

63. Two 3-Prong Parts

64. ... and they fit together!

65. How to get the initial creative concept into the computer ? u From a vague vision in your head... u or a doodle on a piece of paper... u or some twisted pipe-cleaners...  to a first CAD model in a computer.

66. Tele-Collaborative VR Workstation for Designing Across the Internet (with Sara McMains, ME) See in 3D, Touch, feel, Annotate, Modify, Share, Discuss …

67. Collaborative VR Workstation A student interacting with a Ford Explorer model displayed on the workstation (simulated 3D effect showing the part where the user perceives it to be).

68. Model Annotation Drawing on a virtual bunny with a brush tool with haptic force-feedback.

69. CAD tools for Ideation, Informal Prototyping u These are things I am using: u wire, paper, scotch-tape, paper clips, styrofoam, clay, … Touch and proprioception (knowing where your hands are), as well as the elastic properties of the material used, play an important role.

70. “Frank Gehry” Style of Design Drape some cloth over any kind of support... and then change it again a few days later!

71. CAD Manifesto We want to add real objects into the VR world ! u Not only turn VR shapes into physical objects, u or superpose VR entities onto the real world to produce an Augmented Reality. We want to grab a physical artifact: u a toy, a slat, a metal band, a peace of velvet,... u shape it, deform it, bend it,... and go “click” ! u -- and have that shape show up in a design file! Perhaps based on a Kinect or Structured Light …

72. CAD Manifesto (cont.) We want a shape-editing & composition system that: u mimiks the best of: clay, wire, paper, scotch-tape, styrofoam … u without the adversity of: messy glue, gravity, strength limits … u makes available pseudo-physical materials that bend as nicely as steel wire, or stretch like a nylon hose, but are strong as titanium, and as transparent as quartz, and … (your own priorities). Who is going to sign up ?

73. Q U E S T I O N S ?

75. Cubic Burr Puzzle 3D Dissection Puzzles – an educational tool: u Train 3-D spatial thinking u Give “hands-on” feedback about accuracy & tolerances u Fun artifacts to take away as souvenirs; good “motivators”

76. Burr Puzzle Assembly

77. Some Observations u Interactive graphics ==> enhanced creativity u I would like a more expressive user interface – particularly for the first stages of capturing an idea and getting it into the computer. u I am still using paper, wire, styrofoam, etc... to explore new ideas. u However, the computer is great: l for refining and optimizing a design, l for incrementally extending the scope.

78. Inverse 3D Modeling (with Jimmy Andrews) u Capture a hierarchically flat model in a parameterized procedural description that fits the users plan and can easily be modified. Yellow strokes (#1) defines the start of a progressive sweep. An optional 2 nd stroke extends or restricts the sweep range.

79. Versatility of Progressive Sweeps Different starting strokes and different error tolerances result in a wide variety of possible extracted sweeps. Sweep path and profiles can be edited independently. Surface details with respect to the extracted sweep can be conserved and reapplied after any editing moves, or they can be ignored or smoothed out.

80. Editing On-the-Fly A rotational sweep around the z-axis is specified. A “thick profile” is extracted by collapsing φ-component. Portions of the “thick profile” can be selected and moved; the corresponding surface elements move radially: (a) the whole nose and cheeks area is enlarged; (b) only the nose is stretched. (a) (b)

81. “Music of the Spheres” Original by Brent Collins Generated maquette (Séquin) Commission for a new Science Building, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph

82. Re-Proportioned Sculpture

83. “Music of the Spheres” (6 views)

84. Fabricating “Music of the Spheres” The molds for some piecesOne of the wax replica

85. Applying Plaster Slurry

86. Some Segments Will Be Cast Hollow