1. MVWG Report to TSS January 2012
Stephanie Lu
Puget Sound Energy

2. Presentation Overview
Load Modeling
System Model Validation
Synchronous Generation Modeling
Renewable Generation Modeling
SVC Modeling
HVDC Modeling
Next Meeting

3. Load Modeling 3

4. Load Modeling Overview
Status of Phase 1 Implementation Plan
Review of Composite Load Model Structure
Review and Updates to Composite Load Model Data
Validation and System Impact Studies
Next Steps

5. Status of Composite Load Model Implementation Plan Phase 1
Description
Date
Status
Validation studies for oscillation events
Completed
System performance studies using existing cases (PSLF)
On-going
TSS approved Implementation Plan
August 25-26, 2011
Approved
TSS Study Process – Q/A Proposed/Accepted by TSS (Include 2012 HS-OP, 2012 LS cases for review), key study areas, paths evaluated)
Early Sept 2011
Training via web conference on the Long ID (LID) for the load records, to train members on how to populate the LID
September 19, 2011
October 6, 2011
PCC approved implementation plan
October 12-14, 2011
MVWG Meeting - Status update
November 7-10, 2011
SRWG Meeting and Workshop
Workshop to include 2 hours for the composite load model – explanation on the LIDs and tools for customizing the composite load model parameters.
November 16, 2011

6. Status of Composite Load Model Implementation Plan Phase 1 (cont.)
Description
Date
Status
Data request for the 2012 HS-OP and 2012 LS-OP from the 2011 Study Program to include LIDs populated for each load record
Based on the Study Program Schedule
2012 HS Completed; 2012 LS in progress
Data due to Area Coordinator for 2012 HS-OP and 2012 LS-OP from the 2011 Study Program
Per Study Program Schedule - Oct 14 & Oct 28, 2011
2012 HS-OP and 2012 LS-OP base cases available
Per Study Program Schedule - Nov 2 & 16, 2011
2012 HS case posted Jan 11, 2012; dyd file expected this week
2012 LS case in progress.
PSSE dynamics file with composite load model available (through the PSLF to PSSE conversion program)
By January 2012
In progress.

7. Status of Composite Load Model Implementation Plan Phase 1 (cont.)
Description
Date
Updated Date
TSS Meeting – Status update
January 25-27, 2012
MVWG Meeting – Status update
March 2012
March 19-22, 2012
TSS Meeting – Status Update
April 25-27, 2012
RS Meeting – Status Update
May 2012
May 10-11, 2012
Utility members evaluation for path ratings
Through March 16, 2012
By May 2012
Utility members evaluation for TPL Studies
June 18-21, 2012
Draft “Summary Paper” Distributed to TSS and RS
Early April 2012
July 2012
RS Meeting – Member Reports/Status Update
August 16-17, 2012
TSS Meeting – Member Reports/Status Update
August 29-31, 2012
PCC Meeting
TSS recommends to PCC that WECC write a letter announcing the move to the composite load model
October 10-12, 2012
SRWG DPM Update
November 7-9, 2012

8. Flow chart to create CMPLDW dynamic records
LMDT 3A is posted on WECC web-site, including user’s manual

9. Composite Load Model Structure

10. WECC Composite Load Model
Distribution Equivalent
Substation LTC xfmr & shunts
Feeder equivalent
Full and partial load shedding
Under-frequency
Under-voltage
End-uses
Motors (3Ø, or 1Ø A/C)
Electronic load
Static load
Electronic M
69-kV
115-kV
138-kV
Static AC
12.5-kV
13.8-kV
UVLS
UFLS
Composite load model structure is implemented in General Electric’s PSLF, Siemens PTI PSS®E, Power World Simulator
Similar model exists in PowerTech’s TSAT

11. Composite Load Model Data

12. WECC Composite Load Model
Load Component
Model Data
Distribution Equivalent Data M M
115-kV
230-kV M
Load Model
Composition
Data AC
UVLS and UFLS Data
Electronic
Static 12

13. WECC Composite Load Model
cmpldw "CANYON " "1 " : #1 mva= "Bss" 0 "Rfdr" "Xfdr" 0.04 "Fb" 0.749/
"Xxf" 0.08 "TfixHS" 1 "TfixLS" 1 "LTC" 1 "Tmin" "Tmax" 1.1 "step" /
"Vmin" "Vmax" 1.04 "Tdel" 30 "Ttap" 5 "Rcomp" 0 "Xcomp" 0 /
"Fma" "Fmb" "Fmc" "Fmd" "Fel" /
"PFel" 1 "Vd1" 0.75 "Vd2" 0.65 "Frcel" 0.35 /
"Pfs" "P1e" 2 "P1c" "P2e" 1 "P2c" "Pfreq" 0 /
"Q1e" 2 "Q1c" -0.5 "Q2e" 1 "Q2c" "Qfreq" -1 /
"MtpA" 3 "MtpB" 3 "MtpC" 3 "MtpD" 1 /
"LfmA" 0.75 "RsA" 0.04 "LsA" 1.8 "LpA" 0.12 "LppA" /
"TpoA" "TppoA" "HA" "etrqA" 0 /
"Vtr1A" 0.7 "Ttr1A" "Ftr1A" 0.2 "Vrc1A" 1 "Trc1A" 9999 /
"Vtr2A" 0.55 "Ttr2A" "Ftr2A" 0.75 "Vrc2A" 0.65 "Trc2A" 0.1 /
"LfmB" 0.75 "RsB" 0.03 "LsB" 1.8 "LpB" 0.19 "LppB" /
"TpoB" 0.2 "TppoB" "HB" "etrqB" 2 /
"Vtr1B" 0.65 "Ttr1B" "Ftr1B" 0.1 "Vrc1B" 1 "Trc1B" 9999 /
"Vtr2B" 0.6 "Ttr2B" "Ftr2B" 0.1 "Vrc2B" 1 "Trc2B" /
"LfmC" 0.75 "RsC" 0.03 "LsC" 1.8 "LpC" 0.19 "LppC" /
"TpoC" 0.2 "TppoC" "HC" "etrqc" 2 /
"Vtr1C" 0.65 "Ttr1C" 0.05 "Ftr1C" 0.1 "Vrc1C" 1 "Trc1C" 9999 /
"Vtr2C" 0.6 "Ttr2C" 0.03 "Ftr2C" 0.1 "Vrc2C" 1 "Trc2C" /
"LfmD" 1 "CompPF" 0.98 /
"Vstall" 0.54 "Rstall" 0.1 "Xstall" 0.1 "Tstall" "Frst" 0.14 "Vrst" 0.95 "Trst" 0.3 /
"fuvr" 0.1 "vtr1" 0.6 "ttr1" 0.02 "vtr2" 0.9 "ttr2" 5 /
"Vc1off" 0.5 "Vc2off" 0.6 "Vc1on" 0.4 "Vc2on" 0.5 /
"Tth" 15 "Th1t" 0.7 "Th2t" 1.9 "tv" 0.025
Distribution
Equivalent Data
Load Model
Composition Data
Load Component
Model Data 13

14. Distribution Equivalent DataM M
R + j X
69-kV
115-kV
138-kV M M B1 B2
Bss
Electronic
DV = 4 to 6%
X/R = 1.5
PL < 7%
B1:B2 = 3:1
X = 8%
LF = 110%
Tap = +/- 10%
Static 14

15. Load Model Composition – Long ID (LID)
LID code is one of the following:
<3-character climate zone>_<3-character load class>
<7-character industrial, agricultural or auxiliary load ID>
Examples:
Commercial load downtown Phoenix with high concentration of commercial loads would be identified as "DSW_COM"
Rural agricultural load in Moses Lake, WA would be identified as "NWI_RAG“
A steel mill would be “IND_SML”
A power plant auxiliary would be “PPA_AUX”

16. WECC Climate Areas ID Climate Zone Representative City NWC
Northwest Coast
Seattle, Vancouver BC
NWV
Northwest Valley
Portland OR, west of Cascades
NWI
Northwest Inland
Boise, Tri-Cities, Spokane
RMN
Rocky Mountain North
Calgary, Montana, Wyoming
NCC
Northern California Coast
Bay Area
NCV
Northern California Valley
Sacramento
NCI
Northern California Inland
Fresno
SCC
Southern California Coast
LA, San Diego
SCV
Southern California Valley
SCI
Southern California Inland
DSW
Desert Southwest
Phoenix, Riverside, Las Vegas
HID
High Desert
Salt Lake City, Albuquerque, Denver, Reno

17. Substation/Feeder TypeID
Substation Type
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Agricultural
RES
75 to 80%
15 to 30% 0%
COM
10 to 20%
80 to 90%
MIX
Mixed
40 to 60%
0 to 20%
RAG
Rural Agricultural
40%
30%
10%
20%

18. Industrial, Agricultural, and Power Plant Auxiliary LoadsID
Feeder Type
IND_PCH
Petro-Chemical Plant
IND_PMK
Paper Mill – Kraft Mill
IND_PMT
Paper Mill – Thermo-mechanical process
IND_ASM
Aluminum Smelter
IND_SML
Steel Mill
IND_MIN
Mining operation
IND_SCD
Semiconductor Plant
IND_SRF
Server Farm
IND_OTH
Industrial – Other
AGR_IRR
Agricultural irrigation loads
AGR_PMP
Large pumping stations with synchronous motors
PPA_AUX
Power Plant Auxiliary

19. Load Composition Model Tools
Load Composition Model - PNNL LCM
Load Composition Model “Light” - WECC LCM
Spreadsheet updated, version 1x.
PNNL is developing the “next generation” LCM tool
To combine the ease of interface of the WECC light model with the computational capabilities of the full PNNL model, including the capabilities of validating the load shapes

20. Validation and System Impact Studies

21. System Impact Studies
PSE and CalISO presented results with Phase 1 and Phase 2 CMPLDW models
Conclusions
Phase 1 performed similar to the existing interim model
When large portions of load are tripped the system may experience high voltages and frequencies
Phase 2 model is sensitive to the percentage of motors that trip/lockout and trip/restart, more research is needed to determine the appropriate percentage of motors that lockout versus restart
Some generators may go out of step because of under-excitation
An outage on lower voltage close to load may be more critical than a 500 kV outage
More model validation is needed based on actual system events

22. Next Steps

23. Next Steps Phase 1: Phase 2: Continuous: See implementation plan
Perform additional sensitivity studies
Determine protection settings
Continue work on understanding the phenomenon of air-conditioner stalling in distribution systems (supported by DOE and LBNL)
Continue collecting disturbance recordings for validation, e.g., SCE’s PQube recordings
Provide recommendations for changing the voltage dip criteria
Continuous:
Model validation

24. Voltage Dip Criteria Main factors and considerations under discussion
Consistency with new TPL standard
Address performance during FIDVR events
Coordinate with recent power swing criterion

25. System Model Validation25

26. System Model Validation Studies
System model validation is a priority of MVWG
System model validation is a deliverable under the Western Interconnection Synchro-phasor Program
Start conducting system model validation studies in 2012
System model validation is part of the NERC Model Validation Task Force efforts
Major impediment:
Validation base case development
Solution:
Automate the process of base case development
Leverage West-wide System Model (WSM) 26

27. System Model Validation Studies
WECC Powerflow Case:
Bus-branch
Bus number, ID
WSM Powerflow Case:
Node-breaker-element
Element Code 2
WECC Dynamic Database:
Bus number, ID
WSM Dynamic Database:
Element code, node 1 27

28. System Model Validation Studies
Option 1 (WECC is working on the contract):
Convert WECC dynamic data base to “element code” definition consistent with WSM (one time effort)
Validation studies are done using WSM powerflow case and the new dynamic data file
Option 2 (developed by MVWG resources):
Map generation, loads and equipment status from WSM to WECC powerflow case
Validation studies are done using WECC powerflow case and existing dynamic database 28

29. System Model Validation Analytic Tools
Develop and deploy analytic tools for system model validation
To match features of the response and understand of its sensitivities to model parameters
Apply analytic tools for
power plant model calibration
composite load model calibration
sub-system model calibration
small signal model validation
model validation using large disturbance data
See Statement of Work for more information
WECC MVWG SOW System Model Validation DGD.doc

30. Synchronous Generation30

31. Synchronous Generator, Excitation and Turbine Control Models
Power Plant Model Data Task Force
Held kick-off meeting November 8, 2011
Charter approved by MVWG
Excitation model conversion to IEEE models RFP (Completed)
OEL, UEL and generator protection models (In progress )
Review of generator testing documents (in progress)
Power Plant Model Validation Tool Updated 31

32. Power Plant Model Data Task Force – Charter Summary
Ensure the quality of the power plant modeling data in grid simulation databases and to improve coordination between GOs and TPs
Continuous review of existing power plant modeling data in the powerflow and dynamics databases
Improving data checking and processing of new power plant modeling data
Development of processes and tools to improve coordination between GOs and TPs for submitting data
Review the existing WECC power plant model validation guidelines and recommend improvements
The Task Force shall work with SRWG and MVWG to carry out these objectives

33. Exciter Conversion
MVWG issued RFP to convert legacy excitation models to IEEE-approved excitation models – Completed November 2011
Independent model translation program created with the ability to convert any model to any other model, logic developed for exciter model conversions 33

34. Excitation Models
Next goal is to reduce the number of approved excitation models
Short-list needs to include the capability of modeling OELs, UELs, and any other features that are determined to be important
The existing OEL1 model is not compatible with the IEEE models
Shawn Patterson will lead an effort to clearly define the issues and determine a plan moving forward

35. Generator Testing Documents
Documents currently under review
WECC Generating Unit Model Validation Policy (Additional to the recent updates proposed by TSS)
WECC Generating Facility Data Requirements
WECC Generating Unit Baseline Test Requirements (with the proposed addition to add for V-curve data as discussed during the November MVWG meeting)
WECC Generating Facility Model Validation Requirements

36. Power Plant Model Validation
Power Plant Model Validation application using PSLF play-in function has been updated to PPMV Version 1B
Power Plant Model Validation is one of the deliverables under WISP
An application is being developed for checking the “reasonableness” of the power plant response:
Compare the actual response to “best practices” 36

37. Wind Generation Modeling37

38. Status of Wind Modeling Effort
Version 1 of wind generic models implemented as library models in PSSE, PSLF and other platforms
PSLF/17
PSSE/32

39. Phase 2 of wind model development – Model structure improvements
Type 1 and 2 improvements include:
Redesign aero/pitch model to better represent pitch strategy during low voltage conditions
Type 4 improvements include:
Add option to bypass local volt/var controls
Add turbine shaft model and pitch control similar to type 3
Add frequency droop for high frequency conditions
Add voltage dip logic and integrator freezing
Add voltage divider and integrator bypass
Type 3 improvements to develop a non-GE specific model include:
Review representation of the response during low voltage performance; emerging consensus is to add a voltage dip look up table
Possibly add defensive pitch strategy similar to Type 1 and 2
Type 1, 2, and 4 planned to be up for approval at the March meeting. More work is needed for Type 3.

40. PV Generation Modeling40

41. Large PV Power Plant Modeling
Current versions of PSLF and PSSE have models that can be used for representation of large PV generation
PSLF Version 18 includes a WECC generic version of a PV system model, PV1, which consists of two modules - PV1E and PV1G. It is a full featured model based on the WECC Type 4 wind generation model.
Refinements to the models are in progress
Add active power control for frequency response
Change limit nomenclature from Pmax to Pavail and Pmin to 0
Add voltage dip logic and integrator freezing
Add voltage divider and integrator bypass
Consistent with the WECC PV Modeling Guide, the feeder or collector system equivalent should be included in the power flow model for large PV plants

42. Distributed PV Modeling
Distributed PV modeling can be separated into:
large commercial (usually warehouse rooftop) installation
residential rooftop panels
PVD1 is a more basic model than PV1 and is intended to represent large distribution-connected PV that are represented in power flow as stand-alone generators
Recommended refinements to PVD1 include:
Add function to allow remote bus control
Add function to allow for reconnect of a portion of the generation “tripped”
Add simple current limiter
A similar version of PVD1 will eventually be made part of the WECC composite load dynamic model to residential or smaller-scale distributed PV that is load-netted in power flow. Specifications are not yet complete, as further discussion is needed.

43. SVC Modeling 43

44. SVC Models Webinar was held Dec 12, 2011 for SRWG members
Is there interest for MVWG to provide a full day workshop? 44

45. HVDC Modeling

46. HVDC Modeling
The task force has started with the point-to-point Conventional and Voltage Source Converter (VSC) HVDC models
Conventional point-to-point HVDC
The powerflow model exists and has been well tested
Potential improvement is to add capability for user-defined tap control
Effort may be needed to improve documentation
VSC point-to-point HVDC
Add capability in powerflow to allow DC bus to connect to a PV node via a VSC so that it can improve the coordination between powerflow and dynamic models for a seamless initialization
A skeleton document has been started and will aim to get vendor feedback at the next task force meeting

47. PDCI HVDC Modeling
PDCI model for south to north was derated due to a bad model – the converter controls at Sylmar
LADWP needs to provide an as-built model and run validation of the model and current control
Will be discussed at the next HVDC task force meeting

48. Next Meeting 48

49. Next Meeting Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday March 19
June 18
Nov 5
March 20
June 19
Nov 6
March 21
June 20
Nov 7
March 22
June 21
Nov 8
March 23
June 22
Nov 9
MVWG - LMTF
MVWG - REMTF
MVWG
MVWG
SRWG Breakout 1
SRWG Breakout 1
MVWG - PPMDTF
MVWG - Utility Mtg
SRWG
SRWG
SRWG Breakout 2
SRWG Breakout 2
SRWG Breakout 3
SRWG Breakout 3
Maxwell Room
Edison/Fermi Rooms
Tesla Room

50. Upcoming Workshops/Training?
SVC Modeling?
Joint Training Session with SRWG and Program Users Work Groups