1. Human Development

2. Growth: generally refers to changes in size

3. Development: Development: occurs through maturation of physical and mental capacities, as well as learning

4. Healthcare workers need to be familiar with each developmental stage in order to recognize inappropriate behavior and provide quality healthcare.

5. Life Stages

6. Infancy

7. Initial language of newborn is the cry usually eats every 2 to 3 hours uncoordinated movements initially that develop into fine motor coordination Toothless initially, develop during first year poor vision at birth (focusing range 8 to 12 inches) Weight usually doubles by 9 months responds to human voice & touch

8. Early Childhood

9. One-Year Old

10. change from plump baby to a more lean, muscular toddler begins to walk & talk ability for passive language (better understanding of what’s being said) tentative sense of independence (not sure of themselves) determined explorer

11. Two-Year Old

12. begins to communicate verbally (name, etc.) can usually speak in 3 to 4 word sentences famous for negative behavior say “NO!” to everything! temper tantrums will play side by side other children, but does not actively play with them great imitators

13. Three-Year Old

14. Loves parents and wants to be just like them vocabulary and pronunciation continue to expand More coordinated, climbs stairs with alternating feet can briefly stand on one foot

15. Four-Year Old

16. sentences are more complex; speaks well enough for strangers to understand imagination is vivid; line between what is real and imaginary is often indistinct develops fears (common fears: fear of dark, fear of animals, & fear of death)

17. Five-Year Old

18. - can hop on one foot & skip - accurately copy figures such as triangle - continues to develop language skills - may begin to read - social with other children their age

19. Late Childhood: Preadolescence Age 6-12 years

20. both large & small muscles well-developed complex motor skills are developed Vision is at it’s best Stage to learn moral values from independent activities to same sex group activities acceptance by peers very important parental approval still important

21. Adolescence Age 12-20

22. traumatic life stage for child and any authority figure puberty occurs; rapid physical growth Muscle coordination does not occur as quickly, can seem clumsy Learn to be accountable for actions extremely concerned with their appearance (and others) trying to establish self-identity; may feel uncertain, inadequate & insecure confrontations with authority

23. Young Adult Age 20-45

24. physical development complete and at it’s peak emotional maturation continues to develop usually learned to accept responsibility for actions and accept criticism usually knows how to profit from errors socially progress from age-related peer groups to people with similar interests

25. Middle Adulthood Age 45-55

26. physical changes begin to occur: hair begins to thin & gray wrinkles appear hearing & vision decrease muscles lose tone main concerns: children, health, job security, aging parents, & fear of aging love & acceptance still take a major role

27. Late Adulthood Age 55+

28. fastest growing age bracket of society physical deterioration (brittle bones, skin dry & wrinkled, poor coordination) some memory problems coping with retirement and forms of entertainment very concerned with health & finances significant number become depressed; suicide rate is high Needs are the same – feelings of acceptance, love, self-esteem and financial security

29. Individual Differences To Take Into Consideration Cultural & Sub-cultural differences –value systems, body language, rites of passage, rituals Ethnic differences –skin tones, facial features, language Religious differences - Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, Muslim, etc… Physical differences –large/small, thin/fat, anomalies, disabilities Personalities –predisposition to be outgoing, shy, creative, etc…