1. 1 Web Server Administration Chapter 3 Installing the Server

2. 2 Overview Prepare the server for system installation Understand the installation process Install Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, and Red Hat Linux 8 Examine basic Linux commands Configure TCP/IP

3. 3 Prepare the Server for Installation A typical installation is from CD For Windows 2000, you can boot from a floppy for network installation For Linux, you can install from the network or even using FTP Production systems use a single-boot system meaning only one OS is on a computer You can put all described OSs on a single computer which is a multi-boot

4. 4 Checking Hardware Compatibility Typically you have fewer problems if you are using hardware designed for a server from major manufacturers IDE drives are always compatible Make sure that you have the latest drivers for SCSI and RAID controllers With video adapters and NICs, it is best to use ones from major vendors

5. 5 Checking Hardware Compatibility You can have problems if you Put a system together yourself with the latest or off-brand NICs, video adapters, and RAID controllers Try to upgrade an OS on old servers because they sometimes have specialized hardware that is not supported anymore For Windows OSs www.microsoft.com/hwdg For Red Hat Linux www.redhat.com/support/hardware

6. 6 System Documentation Should be detailed enough for inexperienced network administrator System documentation is an ongoing process Changes occur over the life of the server These changes need to be documented

7. 7 System Documentation Need compatibility information Hardware information Server manufacturer, including model information Processor type and speed Amount of RAM Drive interface – RAID, SCSI, IDE Hard disk – size, manufacturer, and model NIC manufacturer and model

8. 8 System Documentation System information Partition information – number and sizes OS version installed Latest software patches Extra drivers needed URLs for latest drivers

9. 9 System Documentation Steps for installation including options chosen Keep documentation, CDs, drivers in a binder Know support details Who to call Contract phone number Type of support contract Expiration of contract

10. 10 The Installation Process The Setup program will ask you about your system You need to know the answers to these questions before you start Many of the questions are common to all operating systems

11. 11 The Installation Process- Partitioning the Hard Disk A partition is a logical division of the hard disk A system boots from the primary partition You can create an extended partition Gives you more logical drives in Windows Gives you more Linux partitions It is best to isolate the operating system from applications If the application partition fills and the operating system is on the same partition, the OS stops

12. 12 The Installation Process Six partitions are used for Linux by default / (root partition) swap (used for virtual memory) /boot (boot files – small) /usr (shared files and programs) /home (user files and programs) /var (Web site, FTP, log files) Just / and swap are required

13. 13 Managing Multiple Operating Systems on a Single Computer Useful for development purposes Best to start with unpartitioned hard disk Create one partition for each Windows OS Allow Linux to create default partitions Install Windows first, then Linux Linux installation then produces a menu to select Windows

14. 14 The Installation Process- Naming Computers Identify a computer on the network Windows communicates the computer name to other computers on the subnet so it should be unique Name of computer is not related to how the computer is recognized on the Internet In Linux, the hostname can exist on more than computer, it only uses IP addresses for communication

15. 15 The Installation Process- Licensing Describes how the software can be used For Windows 2000, Microsoft assumes that you have the correct number of client access licenses For Windows Server 2003, each installation must be activated by Microsoft Linux is basically free but there may be a cost for packaging, support, and extras Based on the GNU general public license Red Hat has personal, professional, and Advanced Server options

16. 16 The Installation Process- Selecting a File System A file system determines how files are stored on a hard disk Windows has two file systems FAT is based on the original DOS file system and has no security NTFS has security which is critical for a server The default user file system in Red Hat Linux 8 is ext3, which offers some performance improvements over ext2

17. 17 Windows 2000 Server Installation Requires a 25-character product key In a production environment where you are connected to the Internet, you will get an IP address from your ISP Although a 2 to 3 GB partition is enough, you may want more Use NTFS As setup installs the networking components, do not wander away otherwise it will accept the default IP settings which you do not want

18. 18 Windows Server 2003 Installation The procedures for installing Web, Standard, and Enterprise editions are the same Installation is simpler than previous versions of Windows Only essential information such as computer name, licensing, password, IP address, and domain membership are requested

19. 19 Linux 8 Installation As is true with Windows, you can generally accept the defaults Remember to select Server as the Installation Type This gives you a list of packages that are appropriate for a server environment Remember to select "No firewall" This makes it easier to configure and test your own firewall (Chapter 10)

20. 20 Basic Linux Concepts No drive letters The root is / To use a floppy or CD-ROM, the device must be mounted mount /mnt/floppy mount /mnt/cdrom Now you can copy files between your hard drive and /mnt/floppy When you double-click the CD-ROM or Floppy icon on the desktop, the device is automatically mounted Before you remove the floppy, you have to unmount it to flush the file buffer, if you copied files to it umount /mnt/floppy

21. 21 Shell Prompt Most work is done at the shell prompt which is the command-line interface ls – list files ls /mnt/floppy to see contents of floppy cd – change directory cd /mnt/floppy mkdir – create a directory mkdir /mnt/floppy/test

22. 22 Shell Prompt rmdir – remove a directory rmdir /mnt/floppy/test mv – move or rename a file mv /etc/ftpaccess /var/ftp/ftpaccess cp – copy a file cp var/ftp/ftpaccess /mnt/floppy locate – find a file locate ftpaccess kedit - start editing a file kedit /var/ftp/ftpaccess

23. 23 Kedit Text Editor The Kedit text editor is similar to Windows Notepad Note that the positioning of the icons is basically the same as Notepad

24. 24 Configuring TCP/IP in Windows To determine TCP/IP configuration, type ipconfig at a command prompt

25. 25 To Change the IP Address in Windows From the Local Area Status dialog box, click Properties Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), then click Properties Now you can change the IP address The Advanced button allows you to add multiple IP addresses for a single NIC

26. 26 Configuring TCP/IP in Linux To determine TCP/IP configuration, type ifconfig at a shell prompt The IP address is on the third line

27. 27 To Change the IP Address in Linux In System Settings, click Network Click the Edit button Now you can change the IP address Click OK, then Apply, and Close to save the changes

28. 28 Summary Windows and Linux installations share the task of creating partitions The same computer can have multiple operating systems Windows server operating systems are licensed based on the edition and the number of users Linux licensing is based on the GNU general public license

29. 29 Summary Microsoft and Linux have improved their ability to recognize devices There are many useful commands when using the Linux shell prompt