1. JSIS Report to WECC PCC and OC
March 26, 2012
Dmitry Kosterev, BPA

2. WECC JSIS Meeting Held in Tempe, AZ on January 15-17
Hosted by Salt River Project
Next meeting is in Salt Lake City in early June

3. NERC
NERC Planning Committee approved scope of Synchronized Measurement Subcommittee (SMS)
NERC is pulling out North-American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI) by end of 2013
NASPI may continue under ERPI, DOE, no commitment yet
NERC restarted work on PRC Standard, including placement of Dynamic Data Recorders
NERC MOD-B initiative to replace MOD to address FERC directives

4. JSIS Key Activities – 1/3 Validation studies of July 4 2012 event
Studies completed, report is up for approval
Revise thermal governor recommendation
Monitor frequency response
Frequency response tool
System frequency baseline is complete
Power pick-up baseline is under development
Power Plant Model Validation
Model Validation application is developed
JSIS is preparing test cases for model calibration
Voltage stability applications
Test cases are developed

5. JSIS Key Activities – 2/3 Oscillation Analysis Applications
JSIS developed test cases for vendors and application developers
Vendors demonstrated their applications
JSIS is working on operationalizing the leading applications
Operating Procedures to address low-damping conditions
Studies are completed, reviewed by affected parties
What is the approval process for SP-based operating procedures ?
A paper on modes of inter-area oscillations (PCC assignment)
Power System Stabilizer tuning study

6. JSIS Key Activities – 3/3
JSIS complied utility updates on synchro-phasor investment projects
PMU Placement
Draft WECC Guidelines are developed
“Synchronization” with NERC PRC standard
Data validation, bad data detection, signal conditioning and data mining
DOE awarded contracts to EPG and Virginia Tech
WECC JSIS has a budget item to deploy the data validation and bad data detection applications

7. FIDVR Awareness
Voltage
Frequency

8. PDCI Probing Tests Probing test plan is under way:
Every other Wednesday starting March 20
Three full test, including Chief Joseph brake

9. Details

10. 4 – July 4 2012 Arizona Generation Outage
Almost 1,700 MW of generation lost in Arizona:
333 MW at Arlington Valley, followed 4 seconds later
1,361 MW at Palo Verde
WECC 2012 Light Summer Planning Case is used a starting point
WECC RC provided WSM base case
WSM has “net” instead of “gross” generation, WSM does not model station service loads in vast majority of cases
Load was scaled regionally to match flows

11. 4 – Dynamic Data Issues
Helms units were operated as pumps and showed growing oscillations. The sign of PSS gain needs to be negative for units be stable in pumping operations
High Desert units (busses – 29003) do not have exciter models, units are unstable and go out-of-step during certain simulations. A typical excitation model is added.
"xcomp" for "KFALLCT1" “1” is changed to 0.0 from 0.150, otherwise unstable. Confirmed with the test report.
Rock Island units changed the sign for "xcomp", otherwise unstable

12. BEFORE

13. AFTER

14. 4 – Recommendations
We recommend revising 2002 WECC thermal governor modeling recommendation to model frequency response correctly under light load conditions:
WECC populate generator types in the PSLF tables
MVWG to develop a recommendation for modifying plant baseload flag based on generator type, operating practices and unit loading
MVWG to work with power plant operators on updating load controller and baseload flag data
MVWG and JSIS to complete model validation study for July 4, 2012 event as the recommendation is developed and data is updated
We recommend improve further improvement of power system dynamic performance monitoring :
Placing time synchronized dynamic data recorders (like Phasor Measurement Units) at point of interconnection of power plants in Western Interconnection to provide transmission operators visibility of generator frequency response.
Placing time synchronized dynamic data recorders (like Phasor Measurement Units) at major transmission paths and load centers for system model validation and dynamic performance analysis
JSIS and MVWG to develop applications for generator frequency response tracking using PMU and SCADA data
NERC MOD-B
NERC BAL-003

15. 5 – Frequency Response Application
WECC through DOE CERTS hired PNNL to develop a frequency response
Calculates frequency response metrics
Maintains a database of system frequency performance

16. 6 – Power Plant Model Validation Application
Consultant A
Consultant B

17. Using PMU Data for Model Validation
BPA has installed PMUs at power plant POIs
BPA developed Power Plant Model Validation (PPMV) application using PMU data
BPA Substation
Record:
POI bus voltage
POI bus frequency
Power plant MWs and MVARs
Point of Interconnection V I
Power Plant ~

18. Consultant A
Consultant B
Reality

19. BPA Model Validation State
Plant
Active Power
Reactive
H1(14)
H2(18)
H3(16)
H4(12)
H5(27)
T1(1)*
T2(2)*
T3(3)
T4(1) W1
Good
Acceptable
Needs Review
Needs Major Revisions

20. BPA Experience with Disturbance-Based Model Validation
Most common model issues:
Power System Stabilizer models
Turbine control mode of operation / governor models
Generator inertia
Deficiencies in model structure
Other reasons for model mismatch
Automatic Generation Controls
UEL
“Clinical” experience:
Plants with modern digital systems have good models that stay accurate over time
Plants with legacy analog controls have most errors and tend to change in time

21. Performance Monitoring and Detecting Generator Control Failures
Once a good baseline is developed, PMU is used for “clinical” assessment of power plant performance
Controller status at the generator was indicating normal state
PMU disturbance data indicated actual response very different from what was expected
Power plant was contacted, controls inspected, found internal failure
Blue line = actual response
Red line = expected response

22. Performance Monitoring Event 1✔
PSS ON
PSS OFF
Actual PMU recording, Simulation with PSS ON, Simulation with PSS OFF

23. Performance Monitoring Event 3✔
PSS ON
PSS OFF

24. Performance Monitoring Event 4
PSS ON ✔
PSS OFF
PSS failed sometime between event 3 and event 4

25. Performance Monitoring Event 7
PSS ON ✔
PSS OFF

26. 8. Ringdown Analysis Applications
Goal: calculate oscillation frequency, damping and mode shape of an oscillation ringdown, either actual event or simulation
Users: transmission planning and operating study engineers, operational support engineers

27. 8. Ringdown Analysis Applications
BPA prepared test cases – actual event and simulations of the same event
University of Wisconsin
Best numeric performance, including “difficult” cases
Montana Tech University
Batch processing of multiple cases, repeatable script, consistency check
Washington State University
Sliding window, looks for consistency among three methods
EPG
PNNL

28. 13. Oscillation Detection
Goal: detect sustained oscillations in ambient data
Users: dispatchers and operational support engineers
BPA prepared a test case:
2 ½ hour record combining several 20 to 30 minute data intervals from several PMUs
Data included sustained oscillations, mode changes, forced oscillations, system events and bad data
Ning Zhu (PNNL) developed the most

29. 12. Phase Angle Alarming
Maybe an indicator of “global” stress
Single angle is not sufficient to determine secure / insecure regions
PNNL Method on Multi-Dimensional Nomogram
EPG used historic angle to determine phase angle norms
V&R Energy project on Potential Cascading Modes ?
Perspectives provided by
Damir Novosel, President of Quanta Technologies
Jame Thorp, a co-inventor of PMUs
Phase angle rotation
Phase angle reference – Southern California (Mira Loma, Lugo, Serrano)

30. 11. Voltage Stability Applications
V&R Energy ROSE presentation (WECC)
Quanta Technology Voltage Instability Predictor (BPA TI)
Singular Value Decomposition – Chris DeMarco
EPG – voltage contours, dP/dV sesintivities
Alstom Grid
RPI Voltage stability project funded by DOE CERTS – could not attend the meeting
WSU – did not present
PNNL – did not present
WECC JSIS will develop “test” cases, demonstrations at September 2013 meeting

31. 9. Utility Updates
WECC JSIS performed survey of the synchro-phasor projects:
Planning – number of PMUs, PMU placement, etc
Field infrastructure – PMUs, redundancy/diversity
Telecom
Control center infrastructure – PDCs, redundancy, historian
Engineering Applications
Control Center Applications
Wide-Area Control Applications
Data Exchange

32. 20. Synchro-phasor Data Validation
DOE had RFP and awarded two contracts for data validation and signal conditioning:
Electric Power Group
Virginia Tech for Linear State Estimator
Both made presentations outlining their technical approach
WECC will follow up with its own RFP for signal conditioning and measurement error estimation using linear state estimator