1. North Africa Chapter #21

2. I. Natural Environments A) Landforms? –Sahara Desert? Natural barrier –Erg? –Reg? –Depressions? Qattara Depression? –Wadis? –Nile River?

5. The Nile & its annual flooding

7. B. Climates Climates? –3 reasons why? –Harmattan winds?

8. C. Natural Resources Most valuable resources? (2) –Country w/the most? Agriculture? –Where & how?

11. The Aswan High Dam Pros: –Hydroelectricity –Controls flooding –Water for ag. Lake Nasser Cons: –Cuts flow of silt Impacts? (2)

12. II. History & Culture A) History –Where did people settle? –Silt? Ancient Egypt: –Pharaohs? –Hieroglyphs? –Dependence on Nile?

13. Sequent Occupance Phoenicians? Alexander the Great? Romans?Vandals?Byzantine? Islamic influence?

17. B. Western Imperialism of Africa France (1830s)? Great Britain (1882)? –Berlin Conference (1884-85) Italy (1912)? Independence? The Maghreb

18. C. Culture Religion?Berbers?Clothing?Language?

20. Region w/highest population density? Why? What about in Egypt? –Capital?

21. D. The Medina The medina? A medina in Fez, Morocco

22. III. The Region Today A) Economic Activities: Free port? Importance of oil? Fellahin? –Egyptian cotton Ag. in Libya? –Great Manmade River Project? Other economic activity?

23. B. Urban Environments Largest Cities? –Conditions? –Cairo?

24. C. Issues & Challenges U.S. & Muammar al Qaddafi? –Italian control WWII –U.S. installed monarchy U.S. & U.K. military bases –Oil = discovered 1959 –1969: revolution led by Qaddafi (Islamic Fundamentalist) –Hate towards the West?

25. 1988: Libyan bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 –Lockerbie, Scotland –270 dead PLO & IRA affiliations 1992: economic sanctions imposed by West 1999: Qaddafi tried to improve relations w/West 2003: Libyan govt. paid $2.7 bill. to families

26. Recent Revolutions in North Africa Causes: Young, educated people want economic & political equality & rights Tunisia (Dec. 2010 – Jan. 2011) –President resigned after 23 years of reign Egypt (Jan. 2011 – present) –President resigned after 30 years of reign –Democratic elections this summer! Libya’s Civil War (Feb. 2011 – present) –World’s longest serving leader = 42 years!