1. WARM UP GRAB A BOOK & Turn to Page 891 Read “Water Scarcity in the Middle East” Complete the “Skills Assessment” Questions (1,2,3) TURN IN WHEN FINISHED

2. The Modern Middle East (Part 1) Chapter 35 Sections 2&3 Pages 888-898 EQs: What are some major themes in Modern Middle Eastern Society? How did Turkey, Egypt and Iran differ in their development as modern nations?

3. Activities Part One: Themes –We will discuss 5 major themes in the Modern Middle East and determine the validity of statements regarding the Middle East Part Two: Paths to Modernization –We will fill out the flow charts on the modern history of Turkey, Egypt and Iran…you should be able to ascertain similarities and differences between these 3 nations when finished

4. Part One: Answers Pg. 888: As a crossroads, the Middle East is a region of great diversity –TRUE Still a home to 3 major religions 30 different languages spoken Many different nationalities Pg. 888-9: Most nations in the Middle East are colonies of Great Britain, France and the US –FALSE WERE colonies, are still dependent on colonial masters US never had colonies in ME Pg. 890: After independence, Middle Eastern nations worked to modernize their governments and economies –TRUE & FALSE Many countries sought democracy while others became dictatorships Oil becomes a source of economic wealth and dependence Many countries are in debt and many people are poor

5. Part One: Answers Pg. 892: The Islamic revival had broad appeal, but its impact varied from country to country –TRUE Many countries continue traditional Islamic patterns, using Quran as law Iran moves to fundamentalism in 1979…some countries support terrorist movements Pg. 893: The vast majority of Middle Eastern women have rejected traditional values and demanded equal rights –TRUE & FALSE ME women have had rights Some countries grant total rights, others reject rights and prevent women from legally obtaining them Some countries force traditions (hejab wearing) while others do not and some women choose to remain traditional

6. Turkey Modernizes Before WWI, Turkey was in the Ottoman Empire…after WWI it was briefly occupied by the allies. Box 1: Turkey gains full independence in the 1920s under Kemal Ataturk Box 2: The Soviet Union attempts to control Turkey, but is rebuffed with help from the US Box 3: Turkey joins NATO to connect with western Europe and the US Box 4: Democracy emerges, with many parties (like US) Box 5: The economy expanded from just agriculture to include industry…major crop and factory exports were sold to Europe Box 6: Applies to join the EU in 1987, gaining only partial membership, still waiting for full membership Box 7: Continues to struggle to reduce ethnic conflicts near its borders (Kurdistan and Cyprus)

7. Egypt Modernizes Egypt was controlled directly by the British until 1923, but when a new free government was formed, British influences were able to remain in power until the 1950s Box 1: 1952, Gamal Abdel Nasser takes power as a result of revolution Box 2: 1956 – Egypt nationalizes Suez Canal, taking complete control over it from Europeans Box 3: Goes to war against Israel in the late 1950s, Israel wins and takes Egyptian territory Box 4: Becomes socialist, banks and businesses nationalized, trades with USSR Box 5: 1960s – Built Aswan Dam; brings power and new farmland Box 6: Nasser dies in 1970, Anwar Sadat takes over and reversed Nasser’s programs; makes peace with Israel; is assassinated Box 7: Egypt becomes more democratic; pushes for peace in Middle East; becomes major ally to the US and Europe

8. Iran modernizes Iran remained a largely independent kingdom, though heavily influenced by Russia, Great Britain and the US throughout the early 20 th century. Box 1: Oil brings foreigners to Iran after WWII Box 2: Nationalists want less foreign influence in Iran; Mosaddiq and company move to nationalize Iran’s oil Box 3: 1953 – US helps Shah Pahlavi oust Mosaddiq; angers many Iranians Box 4: Shah Pahlavi modernizes Iran with oil wealth (thanks to US and Great Britain) Box 5: Shah is opposed by landowners, merchants, students AND religious leaders; he becomes oppressive to the people Box 6: Islamic revolution emerges in 70s: 1979 – Shah is overthrown Box 7: Iran becomes theocracy; denounces the West Box 8: Iran invades Iraq, loses, becomes soft (Ayatollah dies), but hardens again when W adds them into his AXIS OF EVIL

9. Summary Assessment HOMEWORK IF TIME IS UP!!! On the final page, answer the TWO summative questions regarding today’s activity THIS WILL BE THE LAST ASSIGNMENT ON THE FIRST MARKING PERIOD! TEST NEXT MONDAY –Chapters 2, 11 (sections 1-3 & 5), C25 sec 3, Lawrence of Arabia, C35 sections 2-4